<p>The effects of material orientation and modification layers on the corrosion behavior of extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy were experimentally investigated. Test samples were taken from the extrusion direction (ED) and the transverse direction (TD). A composite biocoating was fabricated on the surface of the TD sample by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) with laser shock peening (LSP) pretreatment. All samples were placed in a simulated body fluid for immersion testing, and electrochemical impedance spectra were collected at different immersion stages. The micromorphology, chemical elements, and microtexture of the samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the ED samples was higher than that of the TD samples and that the TD-LSP/MAO-modified samples had higher corrosion resistance. The difference in the corrosion performance of the oriented specimens was attributed to the high corrosion resistance of the grain orientation with a low surface energy. The composite-modified layer improved the material corrosion resistance because the LSP fine-grained layer increased the nucleation density of the MgO passivation film which effectively prevents the corrosion of the matrix by the corrosive medium.</p>