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<p>Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a widely used technique, utilizing layer-by-layer deposition of thermoplastic materials to fabricate three-dimensional objects. The selection of printing parameters significantly influences the quality and mechanical properties of parts. This study explores the impact of key printing parameters on the tensile strength, recognizing the interdependence of these parameters and focusing on understanding their individual contributions within this complex relationship. The printing parameters were chosen after extensive research, and no top-bottom layers were applied. Using a Design of Experiment, specifically the Box–Behnken design (BBD), the effects of layer height, infill density, and printing speed were evaluated. The results show that infill density has the most pronounced effect. The highest tensile strength was achieved at 100% infill density, 0.15&#xa0;mm layer height, and a printing speed of 40&#xa0;mm/s, resulting in a maximum stress of 48.22&#xa0;MPa. In contrast, the lowest strength was observed at 20% infill density, 0.15&#xa0;mm layer height, and 40&#xa0;mm/s printing speed, yielding 8.81&#xa0;MPa. The specific force normalized by weight remained consistent across different infill densities, except at 100%, where the force significantly increases due to enhanced inter-fiber bonding. Layer height plays a secondary yet important role, with tensile strength values ranging from 18.94 to 19.78&#xa0;MPa, and thinner layers generally resulting in stronger parts. Printing speed, while influential, shows a diminishing effect at higher infill densities, with optimal strength achieved at moderate speeds. Fracture analysis reveals that in low-infill density specimens, failure begins at the contour walls due to stress concentrations, emphasizing the need for stronger shells. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirms that infill density accounts for 89.02% of the variation in tensile strength. Additionally, validation experiments demonstrated the accuracy of the developed models, with the predicted maximum stress (48.73&#xa0;MPa) closely matching the experimental result (46.22 ± 0.69&#xa0;MPa).</p>

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Optimization of Mechanical Properties in FDM 3D-Printed PLA Parts: Evaluating the Interaction of Key Parameters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月7日

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  • Sermet Demir

摘要

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a widely used technique, utilizing layer-by-layer deposition of thermoplastic materials to fabricate three-dimensional objects. The selection of printing parameters significantly influences the quality and mechanical properties of parts. This study explores the impact of key printing parameters on the tensile strength, recognizing the interdependence of these parameters and focusing on understanding their individual contributions within this complex relationship. The printing parameters were chosen after extensive research, and no top-bottom layers were applied. Using a Design of Experiment, specifically the Box–Behnken design (BBD), the effects of layer height, infill density, and printing speed were evaluated. The results show that infill density has the most pronounced effect. The highest tensile strength was achieved at 100% infill density, 0.15 mm layer height, and a printing speed of 40 mm/s, resulting in a maximum stress of 48.22 MPa. In contrast, the lowest strength was observed at 20% infill density, 0.15 mm layer height, and 40 mm/s printing speed, yielding 8.81 MPa. The specific force normalized by weight remained consistent across different infill densities, except at 100%, where the force significantly increases due to enhanced inter-fiber bonding. Layer height plays a secondary yet important role, with tensile strength values ranging from 18.94 to 19.78 MPa, and thinner layers generally resulting in stronger parts. Printing speed, while influential, shows a diminishing effect at higher infill densities, with optimal strength achieved at moderate speeds. Fracture analysis reveals that in low-infill density specimens, failure begins at the contour walls due to stress concentrations, emphasizing the need for stronger shells. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirms that infill density accounts for 89.02% of the variation in tensile strength. Additionally, validation experiments demonstrated the accuracy of the developed models, with the predicted maximum stress (48.73 MPa) closely matching the experimental result (46.22 ± 0.69 MPa).