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<p>Titanium grade 2 is susceptible to corrosion in hydrochloric acid (HCl), limiting its applicability. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a low-cost gas-nitriding treatment (850&#xa0;°C, 9 h) in improving its corrosion resistance. Electrochemical techniques, including open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were performed in HCl solution at 25 and 60&#xa0;°C. PDP tests showed significant enhancements in the gas-nitrided (GN) titanium, evidenced by more electropositive potentials, reduced current densities and protection efficiencies of 90.8 and 97.9% at 25 and 60&#xa0;°C, respectively. Surface analyses confirmed that oxynitride and oxide products on the nitrided layer contribute to its chemical stability and passivation. SEM micrographs revealed severe pitting on as-received titanium at 60&#xa0;°C, emphasizing the necessity of the nitriding process. EIS results further indicated higher R values and phase angles for the GN titanium, consistent with the formation of a dense and stable layer. These findings demonstrate that gas nitriding enhances the durability of titanium, making it suitable for use in corrosive environments.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Gas Nitriding and the Influence of Temperature and Exposure Time on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Titanium Grade 2 in Hydrochloric Acid

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • Flávia Dias Fernandes,
  • Graziela da Silva Savonov,
  • Richard Landers,
  • Monalisa Bandeira Valentim,
  • Verônica Mara de Oliveira Velloso,
  • Miguel Justino Ribeiro Barboza

摘要

Titanium grade 2 is susceptible to corrosion in hydrochloric acid (HCl), limiting its applicability. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a low-cost gas-nitriding treatment (850 °C, 9 h) in improving its corrosion resistance. Electrochemical techniques, including open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were performed in HCl solution at 25 and 60 °C. PDP tests showed significant enhancements in the gas-nitrided (GN) titanium, evidenced by more electropositive potentials, reduced current densities and protection efficiencies of 90.8 and 97.9% at 25 and 60 °C, respectively. Surface analyses confirmed that oxynitride and oxide products on the nitrided layer contribute to its chemical stability and passivation. SEM micrographs revealed severe pitting on as-received titanium at 60 °C, emphasizing the necessity of the nitriding process. EIS results further indicated higher R values and phase angles for the GN titanium, consistent with the formation of a dense and stable layer. These findings demonstrate that gas nitriding enhances the durability of titanium, making it suitable for use in corrosive environments.

Graphical Abstract