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<p>High-strength weathering steel used in railways faces formation challenges during the fusion welding processes, such as spatter and poor edge spreading. Therefore, this paper proposes exploring the oscillating laser–arc hybrid welding process to investigate the influence of beam oscillating behavior on weld formation characteristics and underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that laser beam oscillation can effectively suppress the spatter and poor edge spreading defects, and the optimized oscillating parameters of bead-on-plate welding range within 0.4&#xa0;mm ≤ <i>r</i> ≤ 0.6&#xa0;mm and 50&#xa0;Hz ≤ <i>f</i> ≤ 300&#xa0;Hz. The energy distribution characteristics of the laser beam show that the uneven energy distribution between the edge and center of the melt pool contributes to poor edge spreading. The spatter formation is closely related to the normalized laser beam oscillating line speed (<i>V</i>s). In detail, spatter arises from metallic vapor eruptions at <i>V</i>s &lt; 126&#xa0;mm/s and from high-speed vortex effects at <i>V</i>s &gt; 1256&#xa0;mm/s.</p>

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Formation Characteristics and Mechanisms in Laser–Arc Hybrid Welding of High-Strength Weathering Steel with Beam Oscillation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月7日

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  • Leilei Zhou,
  • Yuchun Deng,
  • Shuai Zhang,
  • Mengcheng Gong,
  • Ming Gao

摘要

High-strength weathering steel used in railways faces formation challenges during the fusion welding processes, such as spatter and poor edge spreading. Therefore, this paper proposes exploring the oscillating laser–arc hybrid welding process to investigate the influence of beam oscillating behavior on weld formation characteristics and underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that laser beam oscillation can effectively suppress the spatter and poor edge spreading defects, and the optimized oscillating parameters of bead-on-plate welding range within 0.4 mm ≤ r ≤ 0.6 mm and 50 Hz ≤ f ≤ 300 Hz. The energy distribution characteristics of the laser beam show that the uneven energy distribution between the edge and center of the melt pool contributes to poor edge spreading. The spatter formation is closely related to the normalized laser beam oscillating line speed (Vs). In detail, spatter arises from metallic vapor eruptions at Vs < 126 mm/s and from high-speed vortex effects at Vs > 1256 mm/s.