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<p>Examining the effects of europium oxide (Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) on the optical properties and shielding efficacy of a novel borate glass system involved 70 B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-10 Li<sub>2</sub>O-10ZnO-5Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-5CaO-xEu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The glassy Eu<sup>3+</sup>-doped borate specimens were prepared by the melting-quenching method. Via XRD examination, the generated glasses’ amorphous structure was confirmed. The density enhanced with an increase in Eu content. UV-visible investigations revealed that there was a rise in optical absorption and a drop in the optical band gap (E<sub>OBG</sub>). The related direct optical gap (E<sub>OBG</sub>) decreased from 5.20 to 4.80&#xa0;eV, while the corresponding indirect (E<sub>OBG</sub>) alternated between 4.79 and 4.39&#xa0;eV. Additionally, the Urbach energy level (E<sub>U</sub>) increased from 0.781 to 0.955&#xa0;eV. Calculated values of the optical refractive index (from 1.970 to 2.029 for direct and from 2.032 to 2.098 for indirect) and molar refraction (from 14.34 to 14.89 for direct and from 14.94 to 15.53 for indirect) both show a rise when the quantity of Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions in the glass structure increases, while the metallization criterion calculation (from 0.509 to 0.490 for direct and from 0.489 to 0.468 for indirect) shows a decline in values as the percentage of Eu<sup>3+</sup> ions in the glass structure increases. Theoretical results of different radiation shielding parameters were obtained using the WinXcom, (PSD) software and simulated Geant4 code, which were designed for the computation of parameters associated with shielding and dosimetry. The relatively higher density, larger LAC, MAC, lower HVL, and MFP values observed for B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Li<sub>2</sub>O-ZnO-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO doped with 1.0&#xa0;mol% Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> glass suggested an enhanced gamma-ray shield. The findings showed that adding europium increases the glass system’s ability to withstand gamma-ray radiation. Furthermore, the shielding efficacy of these glasses was discussed together with their fast neutron removal cross section.</p>

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Synthesis, Optical, and Gamma-Ray Attenuation Characteristics of Borate Glasses Doped with Europium Oxide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Gharam A. Alharshan,
  • A. M. A. Mahmoud,
  • Shaaban M. Shaaban,
  • Yehya I. Mesalam,
  • Nasra M. Ebrahem,
  • Shimaa Ali Said,
  • R. A. Elsad

摘要

Examining the effects of europium oxide (Eu2O3) on the optical properties and shielding efficacy of a novel borate glass system involved 70 B2O3-10 Li2O-10ZnO-5Bi2O3-5CaO-xEu2O3. The glassy Eu3+-doped borate specimens were prepared by the melting-quenching method. Via XRD examination, the generated glasses’ amorphous structure was confirmed. The density enhanced with an increase in Eu content. UV-visible investigations revealed that there was a rise in optical absorption and a drop in the optical band gap (EOBG). The related direct optical gap (EOBG) decreased from 5.20 to 4.80 eV, while the corresponding indirect (EOBG) alternated between 4.79 and 4.39 eV. Additionally, the Urbach energy level (EU) increased from 0.781 to 0.955 eV. Calculated values of the optical refractive index (from 1.970 to 2.029 for direct and from 2.032 to 2.098 for indirect) and molar refraction (from 14.34 to 14.89 for direct and from 14.94 to 15.53 for indirect) both show a rise when the quantity of Eu3+ ions in the glass structure increases, while the metallization criterion calculation (from 0.509 to 0.490 for direct and from 0.489 to 0.468 for indirect) shows a decline in values as the percentage of Eu3+ ions in the glass structure increases. Theoretical results of different radiation shielding parameters were obtained using the WinXcom, (PSD) software and simulated Geant4 code, which were designed for the computation of parameters associated with shielding and dosimetry. The relatively higher density, larger LAC, MAC, lower HVL, and MFP values observed for B2O3-Li2O-ZnO-Bi2O3-CaO doped with 1.0 mol% Eu2O3 glass suggested an enhanced gamma-ray shield. The findings showed that adding europium increases the glass system’s ability to withstand gamma-ray radiation. Furthermore, the shielding efficacy of these glasses was discussed together with their fast neutron removal cross section.