Investigation of Water-Based Hybrid Nanofluid on Tribological Performance in Minimum Quantity Lubrication Grinding of Nimonic-90 Superalloy

This study explores the grindability and sustainability, focusing on tribological and lubrication capabilities of water-soluble hybrid nanofluid under minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions during grinding of Nimonic-90. Nanofluids were prepared by adding 0.25, 0.75, and 1.25% volumetric concentrations of Al₂O₃ and GnP nanoparticles into deionized (DI) water. The thermal conductivity, contact angle, and dynamic viscosity of the nanofluids were characterized. Specific tangential forces, specific normal forces, coefficient of friction, and surface roughness were reduced by approximately 37, 25, 17, and 11%, respectively, compared to pure Al₂O₃-based nanofluid and by 29, 17, 14, and 12%, respectively, relative to pure GnP-based nanofluid. Consequently, a 0.75% concentration of water-based hybrid nanofluid emerged as the most promising cutting fluid and hence proposed as an environment-friendly and benign lubrication solution to enhance the grindability of Nimonic-90. Furthermore, it advocates the sustainable enhancement of hybrid nanofluid with 0.75% volumetric concentrations over other alternatives.