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<p>The growing demand for high-resolution sensing and imaging systems has stimulated significant interest in terahertz (THz) technologies. In this work, a flexible multiband dual-spiral planar antenna operating over the 5–25&#xa0;THz range is proposed as an efficient sensing platform. The antenna is developed on an optically transparent polyimide (PI) substrate, which provides low dielectric loss and excellent mechanical flexibility for high-frequency operation. The proposed structure consists of two asymmetric spiral resonators fed by a coplanar waveguide, while square slots etched in the ground plane enhance impedance matching and radiation performance. The antenna exhibits seven distinct resonant modes within a compact footprint of 40 × 54&#xa0;µm<sup>2</sup>. The proposed antenna achieves realized gains ranging from 2.78&#xa0;dBi to 6.26&#xa0;dBi and radiation efficiencies between 80% and 92% at the resonant frequencies. To evaluate its sensing capability, the antenna response is investigated under different dielectric loading conditions. The results reveal pronounced resonant frequency shifts in response to variations in the surrounding dielectric environment, demonstrating high sensitivity to material changes. A nearly linear relationship between resonant frequency and dielectric constant is observed, with sensitivity of approximately 0.893&#xa0;THz per dielectric constant unit and a coefficient of determination of <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ≈ 0.999, confirming accurate and reliable sensing performance. Owing to its multiband operation, high sensitivity, compact size, and flexible architecture, the proposed design is well suited for advanced applications in terahertz sensing, imaging systems, material characterization, and biomedical detection.</p>

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A Flexible Dual-Spiral Multiband Terahertz Antenna Based on a Polyimide Substrate for High-Sensitivity Sensing Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Said Douhi,
  • Ismail El Finti,
  • Adil Eddiai

摘要

The growing demand for high-resolution sensing and imaging systems has stimulated significant interest in terahertz (THz) technologies. In this work, a flexible multiband dual-spiral planar antenna operating over the 5–25 THz range is proposed as an efficient sensing platform. The antenna is developed on an optically transparent polyimide (PI) substrate, which provides low dielectric loss and excellent mechanical flexibility for high-frequency operation. The proposed structure consists of two asymmetric spiral resonators fed by a coplanar waveguide, while square slots etched in the ground plane enhance impedance matching and radiation performance. The antenna exhibits seven distinct resonant modes within a compact footprint of 40 × 54 µm2. The proposed antenna achieves realized gains ranging from 2.78 dBi to 6.26 dBi and radiation efficiencies between 80% and 92% at the resonant frequencies. To evaluate its sensing capability, the antenna response is investigated under different dielectric loading conditions. The results reveal pronounced resonant frequency shifts in response to variations in the surrounding dielectric environment, demonstrating high sensitivity to material changes. A nearly linear relationship between resonant frequency and dielectric constant is observed, with sensitivity of approximately 0.893 THz per dielectric constant unit and a coefficient of determination of R2 ≈ 0.999, confirming accurate and reliable sensing performance. Owing to its multiband operation, high sensitivity, compact size, and flexible architecture, the proposed design is well suited for advanced applications in terahertz sensing, imaging systems, material characterization, and biomedical detection.