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<p>Accurate <i>in situ</i> humidity monitoring in confined microenvironments is critical for life support systems in manned spaceflight and deep-space exploration. High-performance humidity-sensitive materials are essential for high-performance sensors, yet conventional materials often struggle to balance sensitivity and long-term stability, and show insufficient reliability under harsh aerospace conditions. In this work, a resistive humidity sensor based on a ternary MXene/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite film was developed, and the optimal mass ratio of MXene to In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with PVP modification was explored. The sensor exhibited outstanding performance over 10–90% relative humidity (RH), with a maximum response of 2484.4%—42.3 times higher than that of the unmodified MXene/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sensor. Response and recovery times were 44&#xa0;s and 45&#xa0;s, respectively, accompanied by significantly improved baseline resistance. The device also showed excellent reversibility, repeatability, and long-term stability with negligible degradation over 30&#xa0;days. Moreover, it maintained stable and reliable sensing output during 30-day continuous measurement under ambient conditions. This study provides a promising material strategy for high-performance humidity sensing and shows great potential for future aerospace applications, offering a rational design route for MXene-based multicomponent sensing composites.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Preparation and Humidity Sensing Performance of In2O3/MXene/PVP-Based Resistive Sensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Jin Lu,
  • Diyang Ji,
  • Cheng Lei,
  • Yafeng Hao,
  • Zhiqiang Li,
  • Tengteng Li,
  • Ting Liang

摘要

Accurate in situ humidity monitoring in confined microenvironments is critical for life support systems in manned spaceflight and deep-space exploration. High-performance humidity-sensitive materials are essential for high-performance sensors, yet conventional materials often struggle to balance sensitivity and long-term stability, and show insufficient reliability under harsh aerospace conditions. In this work, a resistive humidity sensor based on a ternary MXene/In2O3/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) composite film was developed, and the optimal mass ratio of MXene to In2O3 with PVP modification was explored. The sensor exhibited outstanding performance over 10–90% relative humidity (RH), with a maximum response of 2484.4%—42.3 times higher than that of the unmodified MXene/In2O3 sensor. Response and recovery times were 44 s and 45 s, respectively, accompanied by significantly improved baseline resistance. The device also showed excellent reversibility, repeatability, and long-term stability with negligible degradation over 30 days. Moreover, it maintained stable and reliable sensing output during 30-day continuous measurement under ambient conditions. This study provides a promising material strategy for high-performance humidity sensing and shows great potential for future aerospace applications, offering a rational design route for MXene-based multicomponent sensing composites.

Graphical Abstract