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<p>Imide oligomers were synthesised using bisphenol AF-type dianhydride (BPAFDA), bisphenol S-type diamine (APPS), and bisphenol AF-type diamine (6FBAPP) monomer precursors. The chromophore molecule <b>B</b> reacted with the methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) to form a carbamate oligomer. The imide and carbamate oligomers were then used as monomers in a stepwise polymerisation to synthesise the polyurethaneimide (PUI1) composed of structural units containing carbamate and imide groups. A carbamate imide oligomer was synthesised using chromophore <b>B</b>, MDI, and BPAFDA as the monomers. A polyurethaneimide (PUI2) with an optimised chain segment structure was then prepared via stepwise polymerisation using the carbamate imide oligomer, APPS, and diamine AFPB as monomers. The glass transition temperatures (<i>T</i><sub>g</sub>) of the PUIs were 182°C and 191°C. respectively, and the 5% heat-loss decomposition temperature was over 290°C. PUIs exhibited favourable nonlinear optical properties at a wavelength of 1550&#xa0;nm, with electro-optic coefficients (γ<sub>33</sub>) of 78&#xa0;pm/V and 84&#xa0;pm/V, respectively. The light propagation losses of the polymer waveguides fabricated from PUIs were 1.14&#xa0;dB/cm and 1.18&#xa0;dB/cm, respectively. Mach–Zehnder interferometric waveguide electro-optic (EO) modulators were designed and fabricated using the PUIs as the waveguide core EO material. The prepared polymer waveguide EO modulators showed good low-frequency EO modulation response. The experimental results showed that the synthesised PUIs met the performance requirements for fabricating polymer optical waveguide devices.</p>

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Synthesis and Characterisation of Nonlinear Optical Properties in Fluorinated Polyurethaneimide Electro-Optic Polymers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Long-De Wang,
  • Ling Tong,
  • Jian-Wei Wu,
  • Jie-Wei Rong,
  • Lu-Lu Bu

摘要

Imide oligomers were synthesised using bisphenol AF-type dianhydride (BPAFDA), bisphenol S-type diamine (APPS), and bisphenol AF-type diamine (6FBAPP) monomer precursors. The chromophore molecule B reacted with the methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) to form a carbamate oligomer. The imide and carbamate oligomers were then used as monomers in a stepwise polymerisation to synthesise the polyurethaneimide (PUI1) composed of structural units containing carbamate and imide groups. A carbamate imide oligomer was synthesised using chromophore B, MDI, and BPAFDA as the monomers. A polyurethaneimide (PUI2) with an optimised chain segment structure was then prepared via stepwise polymerisation using the carbamate imide oligomer, APPS, and diamine AFPB as monomers. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the PUIs were 182°C and 191°C. respectively, and the 5% heat-loss decomposition temperature was over 290°C. PUIs exhibited favourable nonlinear optical properties at a wavelength of 1550 nm, with electro-optic coefficients (γ33) of 78 pm/V and 84 pm/V, respectively. The light propagation losses of the polymer waveguides fabricated from PUIs were 1.14 dB/cm and 1.18 dB/cm, respectively. Mach–Zehnder interferometric waveguide electro-optic (EO) modulators were designed and fabricated using the PUIs as the waveguide core EO material. The prepared polymer waveguide EO modulators showed good low-frequency EO modulation response. The experimental results showed that the synthesised PUIs met the performance requirements for fabricating polymer optical waveguide devices.