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<p>The direct utilization of seawater for solar-driven hydrogen production offers a sustainable route toward large-scale clean energy generation. Here, we report a high-performance photocathode based on a Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene-integrated Mn-MnO<sub>2</sub>/chloride-intercalated poly(<i>N</i>-methylpyrrole) (Cl-PNMP) nanocomposite for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution from seawater. The active layer consists of a plasmonic manganese-based hybrid comprising metallic Mn, MnO<sub>2</sub>, and Cl-PNMP, engineered to promote broad light absorption and rapid charge separation. The optimized nanocomposite exhibits a narrow optical bandgap of ~1.85&#xa0;eV and a uniform nanostructure with an average particle size of ~120&#xa0;nm and crystalline domains of ~20&#xa0;nm, enabling effective photon harvesting and suppressed charge recombination. Under simulated illumination at an applied potential of −1.1&#xa0;V versus the reference electrode, the Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene/Mn-MnO<sub>2</sub>/Cl-PNMP photocathode delivers photocurrent densities of −0.175&#xa0;mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and −0.185&#xa0;mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in natural and synthetic seawater, respectively, corresponding to hydrogen evolution rates of 1.45 µmol h<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> and 1.50&#xa0;µmol h<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>. The comparable performance in both electrolytes confirms the reliability of untreated seawater as a practical reaction medium. These findings demonstrate the promise of MXene-enabled manganese–polymer nanocomposites as scalable and cost-effective photocathodes, advancing sustainable hydrogen production directly from abundant seawater resources.</p>

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Dual Plasmonic Mn-Ti Modulation in Ti3C2 MXene/MnO2–Chloride-Intercalated Poly(N-methylpyrrole) for Efficient Seawater Hydrogen Production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Fatemah H. Alkallas,
  • Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi,
  • Asmaa M. Elsayed,
  • Mohamed Rabia

摘要

The direct utilization of seawater for solar-driven hydrogen production offers a sustainable route toward large-scale clean energy generation. Here, we report a high-performance photocathode based on a Ti3C2 MXene-integrated Mn-MnO2/chloride-intercalated poly(N-methylpyrrole) (Cl-PNMP) nanocomposite for efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution from seawater. The active layer consists of a plasmonic manganese-based hybrid comprising metallic Mn, MnO2, and Cl-PNMP, engineered to promote broad light absorption and rapid charge separation. The optimized nanocomposite exhibits a narrow optical bandgap of ~1.85 eV and a uniform nanostructure with an average particle size of ~120 nm and crystalline domains of ~20 nm, enabling effective photon harvesting and suppressed charge recombination. Under simulated illumination at an applied potential of −1.1 V versus the reference electrode, the Ti3C2 MXene/Mn-MnO2/Cl-PNMP photocathode delivers photocurrent densities of −0.175 mA cm−2 and −0.185 mA cm−2 in natural and synthetic seawater, respectively, corresponding to hydrogen evolution rates of 1.45 µmol h−1 cm−2 and 1.50 µmol h−1 cm−2. The comparable performance in both electrolytes confirms the reliability of untreated seawater as a practical reaction medium. These findings demonstrate the promise of MXene-enabled manganese–polymer nanocomposites as scalable and cost-effective photocathodes, advancing sustainable hydrogen production directly from abundant seawater resources.