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<p>NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup> upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are widely regarded as efficient luminescent materials due to their broad range of applications, including optical data storage, anti-counterfeiting technologies, and bioimaging. These nanoparticles function as photonic converters, generating green and red emissions under excitation by a 980&#xa0;nm near-infrared (NIR) diode laser. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the hydrothermal reaction temperature exerts a pronounced effect on the crystalline phase of UCNPs. Increasing the hydrothermal temperature from 135°C to 180°C induces a phase transformation from a mixed cubic–hexagonal structure (<i>α</i>/<i>β</i>-UCNPs) to a pure hexagonal phase (<i>β</i>-UCNPs), thereby enhancing the luminescence intensity. The incorporation of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) facilitates hexagonal phase transition even at 135°C, as further corroborated by morphological features observed in field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. Moreover, upconversion photoluminescence (PL) spectra show that the red-to-green emission ratio of NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup>:Au NPs is approximately fivefold higher than that of NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Er<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup> without Au NPs. This significant enhancement illustrates the strong potential of these nanomaterials for advanced bioimaging applications, where high sensitivity, stability and contrast are essential.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on Phase Transition and Green-to-Red Emission Ratio in NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ Upconversion Materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Cao T. M. Dung,
  • Bui Q. V. Huy,
  • Huynh Nguyen Thanh Luan,
  • Tran T. T. Van

摘要

NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are widely regarded as efficient luminescent materials due to their broad range of applications, including optical data storage, anti-counterfeiting technologies, and bioimaging. These nanoparticles function as photonic converters, generating green and red emissions under excitation by a 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) diode laser. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the hydrothermal reaction temperature exerts a pronounced effect on the crystalline phase of UCNPs. Increasing the hydrothermal temperature from 135°C to 180°C induces a phase transformation from a mixed cubic–hexagonal structure (α/β-UCNPs) to a pure hexagonal phase (β-UCNPs), thereby enhancing the luminescence intensity. The incorporation of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) facilitates hexagonal phase transition even at 135°C, as further corroborated by morphological features observed in field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images. Moreover, upconversion photoluminescence (PL) spectra show that the red-to-green emission ratio of NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+:Au NPs is approximately fivefold higher than that of NaYF4:Er3+, Yb3+ without Au NPs. This significant enhancement illustrates the strong potential of these nanomaterials for advanced bioimaging applications, where high sensitivity, stability and contrast are essential.

Graphical Abstract