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<p>This paper introduces PREMISE, a piezoelectric–electromagnetic integrated sensing and energy-harvesting system designed for localized vibration-based health monitoring of highway structures. The device is evaluated using finite element simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics to assess frequency response, voltage generation, and power output under realistic vibration conditions. The system employs an array of cantilevers with identical lengths but strategically varied proof-mass geometries, enabling multi-resonant and wideband operation spanning 100–700&#xa0;Hz. This design allows PREMISE to effectively capture both global structural vibrations and higher-frequency local damage signatures typically associated with cracks, loosening, or material degradation. A compact prototype incorporating six piezoelectric (PE)–electromagnetic (EM) cantilever pairs achieves a peak combined power output of 98.4&#xa0;µW, generating 345&#xa0;mV from the piezoelectric units and 392&#xa0;mV from the electromagnetic units under harmonic excitation. With an integrated ultralow-power management module, the system delivers a stable 1.8&#xa0;V regulated output, sufficient to drive low-power wireless sensor nodes commonly used in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Beyond energy harvesting, the device demonstrates strong sensing capability, exhibiting distinct frequency responses for different cantilever-mass configurations. These responses enable simultaneous energy extraction and localized vibration diagnostics, essential for early detection of structural anomalies. The compact, multimodal, and self-sustained nature of PREMISE positions it as a promising solution for long-term, maintenance-free monitoring of smart highway infrastructures. This study serves as a validated computational feasibility analysis, while device fabrication and experimental validation are identified as essential next steps to confirm the predicted performance.</p>

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Piezoelectric–Electromagnetic Integrated Sensor and Energy Harvester for Health Monitoring of Highway Structures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • V. Amirtharaj,
  • M. Manivannan

摘要

This paper introduces PREMISE, a piezoelectric–electromagnetic integrated sensing and energy-harvesting system designed for localized vibration-based health monitoring of highway structures. The device is evaluated using finite element simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics to assess frequency response, voltage generation, and power output under realistic vibration conditions. The system employs an array of cantilevers with identical lengths but strategically varied proof-mass geometries, enabling multi-resonant and wideband operation spanning 100–700 Hz. This design allows PREMISE to effectively capture both global structural vibrations and higher-frequency local damage signatures typically associated with cracks, loosening, or material degradation. A compact prototype incorporating six piezoelectric (PE)–electromagnetic (EM) cantilever pairs achieves a peak combined power output of 98.4 µW, generating 345 mV from the piezoelectric units and 392 mV from the electromagnetic units under harmonic excitation. With an integrated ultralow-power management module, the system delivers a stable 1.8 V regulated output, sufficient to drive low-power wireless sensor nodes commonly used in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Beyond energy harvesting, the device demonstrates strong sensing capability, exhibiting distinct frequency responses for different cantilever-mass configurations. These responses enable simultaneous energy extraction and localized vibration diagnostics, essential for early detection of structural anomalies. The compact, multimodal, and self-sustained nature of PREMISE positions it as a promising solution for long-term, maintenance-free monitoring of smart highway infrastructures. This study serves as a validated computational feasibility analysis, while device fabrication and experimental validation are identified as essential next steps to confirm the predicted performance.