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<p>The transition toward renewable energy systems requires solar absorbers that operate across a wide spectral range, remain stable under thermal loading, and retain performance at oblique incidence. This study presents the theoretical design, numerical modeling, and optimization of a multilayer metasurface absorber based on a SiO<sub>2</sub>/Cr/InAs/graphene/Ti/Zr/W heterostructure. The architecture combines transition metals, a dielectric spacer, a narrow-bandgap semiconductor, and a graphene monolayer to promote broadband electromagnetic absorption through coupled plasmonic and cavity resonances. Electromagnetic behavior was evaluated using finite-difference time-domain simulations, finite element analysis, and transfer matrix calculations. The absorber maintains high absorptivity across the ultraviolet (0.2–0.4 μm), visible (0.4–0.7 μm), and near-infrared (0.7–3.0 μm) ranges, with peak absorptivity of 99.85% and average absorption exceeding 97%. The multilayer resonant configuration preserves absorption for incidence angles up to 60° for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. The total thickness of the structure is 980 m. A random forest regression model was applied to explore the geometric and material parameter space. The model achieved coefficients of determination above 0.97 for resonator heights above 300 m, and incidence angles between 40° and 80°. This approach reduced the number of full-wave simulations required for optimization. Comparison with recent absorber designs showed that the proposed structure provides comparable average absorption over a broader spectral range while using a thinner stack. The results support its suitability for photovoltaic, solar thermal, and thermophotonic applications.</p>

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Broadband Thermally Robust Multilayer Metasurface Absorber Based on SiO2/Cr/InAs/Graphene/Ti/Zr/W Heterostructures with Machine Learning Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Jacob Wekalao,
  • Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani,
  • Adam R. Alhawari,
  • Hussein A. Elsayed,
  • Ahmed Mehaney,
  • Haifa A. Alqhtani,
  • May Bin-Jumah,
  • Amuthakkannan Rajakannu,
  • Muhammad Abbas Khan

摘要

The transition toward renewable energy systems requires solar absorbers that operate across a wide spectral range, remain stable under thermal loading, and retain performance at oblique incidence. This study presents the theoretical design, numerical modeling, and optimization of a multilayer metasurface absorber based on a SiO2/Cr/InAs/graphene/Ti/Zr/W heterostructure. The architecture combines transition metals, a dielectric spacer, a narrow-bandgap semiconductor, and a graphene monolayer to promote broadband electromagnetic absorption through coupled plasmonic and cavity resonances. Electromagnetic behavior was evaluated using finite-difference time-domain simulations, finite element analysis, and transfer matrix calculations. The absorber maintains high absorptivity across the ultraviolet (0.2–0.4 μm), visible (0.4–0.7 μm), and near-infrared (0.7–3.0 μm) ranges, with peak absorptivity of 99.85% and average absorption exceeding 97%. The multilayer resonant configuration preserves absorption for incidence angles up to 60° for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. The total thickness of the structure is 980 m. A random forest regression model was applied to explore the geometric and material parameter space. The model achieved coefficients of determination above 0.97 for resonator heights above 300 m, and incidence angles between 40° and 80°. This approach reduced the number of full-wave simulations required for optimization. Comparison with recent absorber designs showed that the proposed structure provides comparable average absorption over a broader spectral range while using a thinner stack. The results support its suitability for photovoltaic, solar thermal, and thermophotonic applications.