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Abstract <p>In this work, orange–red Ba<sub>3</sub>Lu<sub>4</sub>O<sub>9</sub>:Sm<sup>3+</sup> (1–5&#xa0;mol.%) nanomaterials were synthesized via a cost-effective solution combustion route at 1100°C. Rietveld analysis revealed a rhombohedral crystal structure for the Ba<sub>3</sub>Lu<sub>3.88</sub>Sm<sub>0.12</sub>O<sub>9</sub> nanophosphor. The rhombohedral morphology with a particle size between 65&#xa0;nm and 75&#xa0;nm was obtained via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of barium, lutetium, samarium, and oxygen in the doped sample. A bandgap value of 4.9&#xa0;eV was found for the host, while a bandgap of 5.58&#xa0;eV was found for the Ba<sub>3</sub>Lu<sub>3.88</sub>Sm<sub>0.12</sub>O<sub>9</sub> composition, determined from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The excitation spectra exhibit excitation peaks attributable to Sm<sup>3+</sup> ions, with the most intense peak at a wavelength of 408&#xa0;nm, whereas the emission spectra provide bright orange–red luminescence due to a prominent peak at 603&#xa0;nm, attributed to a <sup>4</sup>G<sub>5/2</sub> → <sup>6</sup>H<sub>7/2</sub> transition. The critical separation and photoluminescence (PL) intensity per dopant ion concentration was determined to investigate the concentration quenching (CQ) phenomenon. The findings suggest that beyond 3&#xa0;mol.% concentration, the CQ behavior is primarily governed by dipole–dipole (d–d) interactions. The decay curve analysis indicated a mono-exponential nature, with lifetime ranging from 0.8876&#xa0;ms to 0.7005&#xa0;ms. The color purity of the complexes ranges from 69% to 77%. Finally, the CIE coordinates confirm the emergence of orange–red emission, characteristic of the material under near-ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and correlated color temperature (CCT; 1970–2070&#xa0;K) analysis confirmed the warm nature of the emitted light suitable for RGB-based phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode (pc-WLED) applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and Characterization of Orange–Red Luminescent Ba3Lu4O9:Sm3+ Nanomaterials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Aarti Khatkar,
  • Avni Khatkar,
  • Dinesh Kumar,
  • Rajesh Kumar,
  • Suman Lata

摘要

Abstract

In this work, orange–red Ba3Lu4O9:Sm3+ (1–5 mol.%) nanomaterials were synthesized via a cost-effective solution combustion route at 1100°C. Rietveld analysis revealed a rhombohedral crystal structure for the Ba3Lu3.88Sm0.12O9 nanophosphor. The rhombohedral morphology with a particle size between 65 nm and 75 nm was obtained via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of barium, lutetium, samarium, and oxygen in the doped sample. A bandgap value of 4.9 eV was found for the host, while a bandgap of 5.58 eV was found for the Ba3Lu3.88Sm0.12O9 composition, determined from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The excitation spectra exhibit excitation peaks attributable to Sm3+ ions, with the most intense peak at a wavelength of 408 nm, whereas the emission spectra provide bright orange–red luminescence due to a prominent peak at 603 nm, attributed to a 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition. The critical separation and photoluminescence (PL) intensity per dopant ion concentration was determined to investigate the concentration quenching (CQ) phenomenon. The findings suggest that beyond 3 mol.% concentration, the CQ behavior is primarily governed by dipole–dipole (d–d) interactions. The decay curve analysis indicated a mono-exponential nature, with lifetime ranging from 0.8876 ms to 0.7005 ms. The color purity of the complexes ranges from 69% to 77%. Finally, the CIE coordinates confirm the emergence of orange–red emission, characteristic of the material under near-ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and correlated color temperature (CCT; 1970–2070 K) analysis confirmed the warm nature of the emitted light suitable for RGB-based phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode (pc-WLED) applications.

Graphical Abstract