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<p>This study provides a comprehensive analysis of cesium (Cs)-doped cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) thin films for carbon monoxide (CO) detection. These films were prepared using spray pyrolysis with Cs content of 1–5&#xa0;wt.% and were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed that the cubic spinel phase was preserved and the crystallite sizes decreased nonlinearly from 77.3&#xa0;nm to 54.9&#xa0;nm with increasing Cs content, whereas FESEM showed a morphological evolution from triangular to disordered structures. PL spectra revealed enhanced defect-related emissions with an increase in Cs concentration. Electrical measurements showed that 3&#xa0;wt.% Cs-doped film exhibited the best conductivity and optimal performance for CO detection at 200°C and exhibited a nearly linear response (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.988) from 65&#xa0;ppm to 500&#xa0;ppm, with a detection limit of 65&#xa0;ppm. These results indicate that Cs doping can fine-tune the microstructure, defect density, and charge transport for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based CO sensors for environmental monitoring applications.</p>

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Structural, Microstructural, and Optical Properties of Cs-Doped Co3O4 Thin Films Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis for Environmental CO Monitoring in Najran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • M. Abaker,
  • Khalid I. A. Ahmed,
  • Hassna M. Ali

摘要

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of cesium (Cs)-doped cobalt oxide (Co3O4) thin films for carbon monoxide (CO) detection. These films were prepared using spray pyrolysis with Cs content of 1–5 wt.% and were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed that the cubic spinel phase was preserved and the crystallite sizes decreased nonlinearly from 77.3 nm to 54.9 nm with increasing Cs content, whereas FESEM showed a morphological evolution from triangular to disordered structures. PL spectra revealed enhanced defect-related emissions with an increase in Cs concentration. Electrical measurements showed that 3 wt.% Cs-doped film exhibited the best conductivity and optimal performance for CO detection at 200°C and exhibited a nearly linear response (R2 = 0.988) from 65 ppm to 500 ppm, with a detection limit of 65 ppm. These results indicate that Cs doping can fine-tune the microstructure, defect density, and charge transport for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of Co3O4-based CO sensors for environmental monitoring applications.