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<p>Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are attractive options for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their safety, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. However, their low ionic conductivity makes them unsuitable for practical use. This study created a new chitosan (CS)-dextran (Dx) blend SPE containing ammonium thiocyanate (NH<sub>4</sub>SCN) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The SPE was plasticized with different glycerol concentrations (8–40 wt%). The films were created via solution casting and rigorously examined to determine the effect of glycerol on structural, physicochemical, dielectric, and electrochemical performance. x-Ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a mostly amorphous structure, with crystallinity decreasing linearly from 25.32% to 18.63%. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirms the successful incorporation of chitosan, dextran, ammonium thiocyanate, and ZnO nanofillers via characteristic vibrational bands, while the ion transport parameters (ionic conductivity, mobility, diffusion coefficient, and transference number) showed increased ion migration and charge carrier contribution within the composite polymer–electrolyte system. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a considerable decrease in bulk resistance from 167.8 kΩ to 104 Ω, which resulted in an increase in ionic conductivity from 0.025 µS·cm<sup>−1</sup> to 62.43 µS·cm<sup>−1</sup>, over 2500-fold. Dielectric investigations revealed that the dielectric constant increased from 1.6 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 9.5 × 10<sup>4</sup>, while dielectric loss increased from 1.2 × 10<sup>2</sup> to 8.0 × 10<sup>3</sup>, indicating enhanced dipolar relaxation and interfacial polarization. Furthermore, relaxation time dropped from 35.15 µs to 0.67 µs, indicating quicker ion dynamics and efficient dielectric response at greater glycerol concentrations. The combination of glycerol plasticization and ZnO nanoparticle reinforcement produced flexible, highly amorphous, and ionically conductive membranes with improved dielectric performance. These results show that CS–Dx–NH<sub>4</sub>SCN–ZnO–glycerol composites are cost-effective, high-performance SPEs for sustainable energy storage applications.</p>

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Glycerol Plasticization Boosts Ionic Conductivity in NH4SCN/ZnO-Doped Chitosan–Dextran Electrolytes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月11日

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  • Hazhar Hamad Rasul,
  • Ibrahim Nazem Qader,
  • Safar Saeed Mohammed,
  • Shujahadeen Bakr Aziz,
  • Ibrahim Luqman Salih,
  • Dlshad Aziz Hamid,
  • Pshdar Ahmed Ibrahim,
  • Abubakr Wsu Muhammed,
  • Karukh Ali Babakr,
  • Bala Talib Ali,
  • Peyman Aspoukeh,
  • Hossein Khojasteh,
  • Samir Mustafa Hamad,
  • Peshawa H. Mahmood

摘要

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are attractive options for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their safety, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. However, their low ionic conductivity makes them unsuitable for practical use. This study created a new chitosan (CS)-dextran (Dx) blend SPE containing ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The SPE was plasticized with different glycerol concentrations (8–40 wt%). The films were created via solution casting and rigorously examined to determine the effect of glycerol on structural, physicochemical, dielectric, and electrochemical performance. x-Ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a mostly amorphous structure, with crystallinity decreasing linearly from 25.32% to 18.63%. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirms the successful incorporation of chitosan, dextran, ammonium thiocyanate, and ZnO nanofillers via characteristic vibrational bands, while the ion transport parameters (ionic conductivity, mobility, diffusion coefficient, and transference number) showed increased ion migration and charge carrier contribution within the composite polymer–electrolyte system. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a considerable decrease in bulk resistance from 167.8 kΩ to 104 Ω, which resulted in an increase in ionic conductivity from 0.025 µS·cm−1 to 62.43 µS·cm−1, over 2500-fold. Dielectric investigations revealed that the dielectric constant increased from 1.6 × 103 to 9.5 × 104, while dielectric loss increased from 1.2 × 102 to 8.0 × 103, indicating enhanced dipolar relaxation and interfacial polarization. Furthermore, relaxation time dropped from 35.15 µs to 0.67 µs, indicating quicker ion dynamics and efficient dielectric response at greater glycerol concentrations. The combination of glycerol plasticization and ZnO nanoparticle reinforcement produced flexible, highly amorphous, and ionically conductive membranes with improved dielectric performance. These results show that CS–Dx–NH4SCN–ZnO–glycerol composites are cost-effective, high-performance SPEs for sustainable energy storage applications.