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<p>Mutual coupling between closely spaced elements in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna critically impacts performance. Accordingly, suppression of mutual coupling and enhancement of isolation rely on effective decoupling mechanisms. This work presents a 4 × 4 self-decoupled MIMO antenna employing a stub-loaded structure with elements placed orthogonally at 8.2&#xa0;mm horizontal and 5.6&#xa0;mm vertical spacing. The optimized antenna exhibits high isolation, ranging from −27&#xa0;dB to &gt; −37&#xa0;dB, achieved through inherent self-decoupling without additional decoupling techniques. The antenna demonstrates excellent performance metrics, including a peak gain of 6.07 dBi, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) &lt; 0.02, diversity gain (DG) &gt; 9.9, channel capacity loss (CCL) &lt; 0.02, total active reflection coefficient &lt; −10&#xa0;dB, and radiation efficiency of 87%. The design is validated on a three-layer human tissue model confirming that the specific absorption rate (SAR) remains within standard safety limits. Fabricated prototype measurements closely match simulations, confirming the antenna’s suitability for compact biomedical wireless devices operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) and wireless local area network (WLAN) bands.</p>

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Compact Quad-Port MIMO Antenna with Intrinsic Self-Decoupling and High Isolation for ISM/WLAN at 2.45 GHz

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Fatima Younis,
  • Adamu Halilu Jabire,
  • Jawad Ahmad,
  • Abdelaaziz El Ansari,
  • Heng Luo,
  • Shiliang Wang

摘要

Mutual coupling between closely spaced elements in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna critically impacts performance. Accordingly, suppression of mutual coupling and enhancement of isolation rely on effective decoupling mechanisms. This work presents a 4 × 4 self-decoupled MIMO antenna employing a stub-loaded structure with elements placed orthogonally at 8.2 mm horizontal and 5.6 mm vertical spacing. The optimized antenna exhibits high isolation, ranging from −27 dB to > −37 dB, achieved through inherent self-decoupling without additional decoupling techniques. The antenna demonstrates excellent performance metrics, including a peak gain of 6.07 dBi, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.02, diversity gain (DG) > 9.9, channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.02, total active reflection coefficient < −10 dB, and radiation efficiency of 87%. The design is validated on a three-layer human tissue model confirming that the specific absorption rate (SAR) remains within standard safety limits. Fabricated prototype measurements closely match simulations, confirming the antenna’s suitability for compact biomedical wireless devices operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) and wireless local area network (WLAN) bands.