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<p>In this study, a graphene-integrated square-ring and thin-wire resonator-type surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is presented for the early detection of adrenal cancer. The plasmonic interaction between biomolecules is further improved by the use of a hybrid gold-graphene coating, leading to ultra-high field confinement and sensitivity. By employing finite element simulations, the authors report a refractive index sensitivity of ~650&#xa0;nm/RIU, a figure of merit of 118&#xa0;RIU<sup>–1</sup>, and a limit of detection 5 × 10<sup>–6</sup>&#xa0;RIU, thus outperforming conventional SPR sensors by nearly 20 times. In addition, the sensor shows great thermal stability (0.027&#xa0;nm/°C) and good repeatability (RSD &lt; 0.55%). The biosensor’s multiplexing capability allows the simultaneous detection of various biomarkers. Thus, the findings elucidate that the sensor can be a compact, low-cost, and noninvasive cancer diagnostic tool fit for point-of-care clinics.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Graphene-Integrated Square-Ring and Thin-Wire Resonator SPR Biosensor for Enhanced Adrenal Cancer Detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Turke Althobaiti,
  • Amal Alshardan,
  • M. Sujatha,
  • Munya A. Arasi,
  • Malak Zayed Alamri,
  • T. Jayasankar,
  • Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar,
  • Jorair Ahmad

摘要

In this study, a graphene-integrated square-ring and thin-wire resonator-type surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is presented for the early detection of adrenal cancer. The plasmonic interaction between biomolecules is further improved by the use of a hybrid gold-graphene coating, leading to ultra-high field confinement and sensitivity. By employing finite element simulations, the authors report a refractive index sensitivity of ~650 nm/RIU, a figure of merit of 118 RIU–1, and a limit of detection 5 × 10–6 RIU, thus outperforming conventional SPR sensors by nearly 20 times. In addition, the sensor shows great thermal stability (0.027 nm/°C) and good repeatability (RSD < 0.55%). The biosensor’s multiplexing capability allows the simultaneous detection of various biomarkers. Thus, the findings elucidate that the sensor can be a compact, low-cost, and noninvasive cancer diagnostic tool fit for point-of-care clinics.

Graphical Abstract