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<p>This study examined the structure–property relationships of activated carbon derived from furan, phenolic, and melamine resins for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). The resins were carbonized at 400–800°C and activated by KOH (700–900°C) or CO<sub>2</sub> (800–1000°C). KOH activation at 900°C produced the largest specific surface areas; melamine resin-derived activated carbon exhibited the highest mesopore volume (1.32&#xa0;cm<sup>3</sup>/g) and efficient activation, even at 800°C. Electrochemical evaluation revealed that phenolic carbon (900°C KOH) had the highest capacitance in 6&#xa0;M KOH (194&#xa0;F/g at 20&#xa0;mA/g), whereas melamine (800°C KOH) maintained better high-rate performance due to a higher mesopore ratio. In 1&#xa0;M TEABF<sub>4</sub>/PC, phenolic carbon (900°C) achieved 108 F/g due to enhanced hydrophobicity and mesoporosity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Boehm titration revealed that acidic groups contributed to the capacitance in aqueous electrolytes but hindered ion transport at high rates or in organic electrolytes. Melamine-derived carbons retained nitrogen functionalities (pyridinic and pyrrolic N), contributing to improved performance. These results show that tailoring activation conditions and resin chemistry enables control over pore structure and surface functionality, which is critical when optimizing EDLC electrodes for various electrolytes.</p>

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Comparison of the Characteristics of an Electric Double-Layer Capacitor Based on a Structural Analysis of Activated Carbon Derived from Various Thermosetting Resins

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Yiliya Aishan,
  • Shinichiro Suzuki,
  • Takeyasu Saito,
  • Naoki Okamoto,
  • Isamu Ide,
  • Masanobu Nishikawa,
  • Yoshikazu Onishi

摘要

This study examined the structure–property relationships of activated carbon derived from furan, phenolic, and melamine resins for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). The resins were carbonized at 400–800°C and activated by KOH (700–900°C) or CO2 (800–1000°C). KOH activation at 900°C produced the largest specific surface areas; melamine resin-derived activated carbon exhibited the highest mesopore volume (1.32 cm3/g) and efficient activation, even at 800°C. Electrochemical evaluation revealed that phenolic carbon (900°C KOH) had the highest capacitance in 6 M KOH (194 F/g at 20 mA/g), whereas melamine (800°C KOH) maintained better high-rate performance due to a higher mesopore ratio. In 1 M TEABF4/PC, phenolic carbon (900°C) achieved 108 F/g due to enhanced hydrophobicity and mesoporosity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Boehm titration revealed that acidic groups contributed to the capacitance in aqueous electrolytes but hindered ion transport at high rates or in organic electrolytes. Melamine-derived carbons retained nitrogen functionalities (pyridinic and pyrrolic N), contributing to improved performance. These results show that tailoring activation conditions and resin chemistry enables control over pore structure and surface functionality, which is critical when optimizing EDLC electrodes for various electrolytes.