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<p>Tandem perovskite–silicon solar cells (PRSi TSC) have gained significant attention for their potential to surpass the efficiency limits of traditional single-junction cells. This review explores the developments in two-terminal (2T), three-terminal (3T), and four-terminal (4T) configurations: 2T cells are easier to fabricate but face challenges in stability and current matching, 3T cells improve on these issues but add complexity with an extra terminal for independent charge extraction, while 4T cells offer higher efficiency and flexibility but are less cost-effective owing to increased material use and optical losses. This review also discusses advancements in electron transport layer materials, wide-bandgap perovskite absorbers, and mixed perovskite absorbers designed to enhance stability and optimize performance. Current efficiency benchmarks and stability metrics are highlighted, alongside challenges such as temperature instability, moisture degradation, and scalability. Solutions are presented, including improved perovskite formulations, interface engineering, and advanced encapsulation strategies. Recent research shows progress in addressing these real-world challenges, pushing tandem solar cells closer to their theoretical efficiency limits through innovations in passivation, light management, and contact materials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Material and Interface Innovations in Perovskite–Silicon Tandem Solar Cells for Enhanced Stability and Efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月16日

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  • Anupam Sharma,
  • Ajay Sharma,
  • Mukesh Garg,
  • Narinder Kumar,
  • Suchinder K. Sharma,
  • Anil Kumar Sharma

摘要

Tandem perovskite–silicon solar cells (PRSi TSC) have gained significant attention for their potential to surpass the efficiency limits of traditional single-junction cells. This review explores the developments in two-terminal (2T), three-terminal (3T), and four-terminal (4T) configurations: 2T cells are easier to fabricate but face challenges in stability and current matching, 3T cells improve on these issues but add complexity with an extra terminal for independent charge extraction, while 4T cells offer higher efficiency and flexibility but are less cost-effective owing to increased material use and optical losses. This review also discusses advancements in electron transport layer materials, wide-bandgap perovskite absorbers, and mixed perovskite absorbers designed to enhance stability and optimize performance. Current efficiency benchmarks and stability metrics are highlighted, alongside challenges such as temperature instability, moisture degradation, and scalability. Solutions are presented, including improved perovskite formulations, interface engineering, and advanced encapsulation strategies. Recent research shows progress in addressing these real-world challenges, pushing tandem solar cells closer to their theoretical efficiency limits through innovations in passivation, light management, and contact materials.

Graphical Abstract