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<p>The development of spintronic, nonlinear photonic, and optoelectronic technologies depends on multifunctional single crystals. In this work, slow ethanol evaporation was used to generate red-colored (E)-(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)acryloyl)ferrocene (TF) single crystals over a period of 59&#xa0;days. The crystals formed in the monoclinic system (space group Cc) with a unit cell volume of 1479.12 Å<sup>3</sup>. Excellent optical transparency was demonstrated by the crystals, which have a strong absorption edge at 258&#xa0;nm and maintain ~ 69% transmittance across the visible and near-infrared spectrum. Notably, TF crystals use femtosecond pulse optical rectification to produce broadband terahertz radiation. They exhibited a high piezoelectric coefficient of 22.86 pC/N, strong ferromagnetism, and noticeable ferroelectric polarization switching with remnant polarization. Mechanical hardness of about 130&#xa0;kg/mm<sup>2</sup> was achieved. According to nonlinear optical characterization, there was a noticeable third-order susceptibility (7.14 × 10<sup>−8</sup>&#xa0;esu) and a second harmonic generation efficiency that was 3.2 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). TF crystals are interesting prospects for multifunctional device applications due to their unusual combination of optical transparency, terahertz emission, ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and strong nonlinear optical response.</p>

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Next-Generation (E)-(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)acryloyl)ferrocene Single Crystals: Unlocking Multifunctional Optical, Magnetic, Terahertz, and Ferroelectric Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • P. Vivek

摘要

The development of spintronic, nonlinear photonic, and optoelectronic technologies depends on multifunctional single crystals. In this work, slow ethanol evaporation was used to generate red-colored (E)-(3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)acryloyl)ferrocene (TF) single crystals over a period of 59 days. The crystals formed in the monoclinic system (space group Cc) with a unit cell volume of 1479.12 Å3. Excellent optical transparency was demonstrated by the crystals, which have a strong absorption edge at 258 nm and maintain ~ 69% transmittance across the visible and near-infrared spectrum. Notably, TF crystals use femtosecond pulse optical rectification to produce broadband terahertz radiation. They exhibited a high piezoelectric coefficient of 22.86 pC/N, strong ferromagnetism, and noticeable ferroelectric polarization switching with remnant polarization. Mechanical hardness of about 130 kg/mm2 was achieved. According to nonlinear optical characterization, there was a noticeable third-order susceptibility (7.14 × 10−8 esu) and a second harmonic generation efficiency that was 3.2 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). TF crystals are interesting prospects for multifunctional device applications due to their unusual combination of optical transparency, terahertz emission, ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and strong nonlinear optical response.