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<p>A flexible temperature and humidity sensor has been developed based on a composite of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The sensor performance was optimized by introducing graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) and ionic liquids (TFSI) into the polymer composite. This type of humidity sensors has high sensitivity, fast response, and excellent stability, making it suitable for use in wearable health monitoring. The addition of TPU into PVDF facilitates the formation of a porous structure which has both a large specific surface area and high hydrophilicity. After optimizing the PVDF/TPU mass ratio to 5:3, such a humidity sensor displays 1.46 times higher sensitivity than that of pure PVDF film, with a linear response range of 10–90% relative humidity. The response time and recovery time are 7.67 s and 6.37 s, respectively. Owing to the improved hydrophobicity, the sensors also exhibit a good stability in a high humidity environment for&#xa0;&gt;&#xa0;10 days without significant degradation. Moreover, such a composite also has the capability to distinguish normal breathing from rapid breathing, demonstrating its potential in wearable health monitoring.</p>

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Fabrication of Humidity Sensors Based on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dot-Embedded PVDF/TPU Membrane

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Xingwei Zhu,
  • Yongchao Cheng,
  • Xiuquan Gu

摘要

A flexible temperature and humidity sensor has been developed based on a composite of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The sensor performance was optimized by introducing graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) and ionic liquids (TFSI) into the polymer composite. This type of humidity sensors has high sensitivity, fast response, and excellent stability, making it suitable for use in wearable health monitoring. The addition of TPU into PVDF facilitates the formation of a porous structure which has both a large specific surface area and high hydrophilicity. After optimizing the PVDF/TPU mass ratio to 5:3, such a humidity sensor displays 1.46 times higher sensitivity than that of pure PVDF film, with a linear response range of 10–90% relative humidity. The response time and recovery time are 7.67 s and 6.37 s, respectively. Owing to the improved hydrophobicity, the sensors also exhibit a good stability in a high humidity environment for > 10 days without significant degradation. Moreover, such a composite also has the capability to distinguish normal breathing from rapid breathing, demonstrating its potential in wearable health monitoring.