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<p>In this study, a super wideband (SWB) metasurface array is designed to reduce the monostatic radar cross-section (RCS) by 19.5&#xa0;dBm<sup>2</sup> when placed as an underlay of a circularly polarized <i>X</i>-band four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. It also enhances the gain by 7.8&#xa0;dBi at 9.5&#xa0;GHz when placed in a superstrate configuration. The metasurface shows more than 90% absorbance in the 8.25–25.2&#xa0;GHz range. The metasurface is fabricated on an RT-duroid substrate with a thickness of 3.0&#xa0;mm. Each unit cell measures 7.95 × 7.95 × 3.0&#xa0;mm<sup>3</sup> (0.265&#xa0;<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 0.265&#xa0;<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 0.101&#xa0;<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub>) at 16.5&#xa0;GHz. The MIMO antenna is designed on an FR-4 substrate of size 29 × 50 × 1.6&#xa0;mm<sup>3</sup> (0.966&#xa0;<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 1.66&#xa0;<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub> × 0.053&#xa0;<i>λ</i><sub>0</sub>) at 10&#xa0;GHz. It covers a 40% circular fractional bandwidth from 8.2 to 12&#xa0;GHz. Performance parameters include return loss (&gt;10&#xa0;dB), average isolation (&gt;25&#xa0;dB), radiation efficiency (≈90%), and realized peak gain (7.8&#xa0;dBi). The diversity parameters are envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) &lt; 0.06, DG &gt; 9.99&#xa0;dB, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) &gt; 10&#xa0;dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) &lt; 0.35 bps/Hz, and multiplexing efficiency &lt; –3&#xa0;dB. The antenna achieves a channel capacity greater than 22 bps/Hz in isotropic, Gaussian, and Laplacian media under nonfading conditions. Simulated and measured results show close agreement. This validates the proposed designs and highlights their suitability for practical applications such as sensing, imaging, and energy harvesting.</p>

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Compact Circularly Polarized 4-Element X-Band MIMO Antenna with High Absorbance SWB Single Layer Metasurface: Enabling High Gain and Low RCS

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Gaurav Saxena,
  • Himanshu Singh,
  • Yogendra Kumar Awasthi,
  • Gaurav Kumar Bharti

摘要

In this study, a super wideband (SWB) metasurface array is designed to reduce the monostatic radar cross-section (RCS) by 19.5 dBm2 when placed as an underlay of a circularly polarized X-band four-element multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. It also enhances the gain by 7.8 dBi at 9.5 GHz when placed in a superstrate configuration. The metasurface shows more than 90% absorbance in the 8.25–25.2 GHz range. The metasurface is fabricated on an RT-duroid substrate with a thickness of 3.0 mm. Each unit cell measures 7.95 × 7.95 × 3.0 mm3 (0.265 λ0 × 0.265 λ0 × 0.101 λ0) at 16.5 GHz. The MIMO antenna is designed on an FR-4 substrate of size 29 × 50 × 1.6 mm3 (0.966 λ0 × 1.66 λ0 × 0.053 λ0) at 10 GHz. It covers a 40% circular fractional bandwidth from 8.2 to 12 GHz. Performance parameters include return loss (>10 dB), average isolation (>25 dB), radiation efficiency (≈90%), and realized peak gain (7.8 dBi). The diversity parameters are envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.06, DG > 9.99 dB, total active reflection coefficient (TARC) > 10 dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.35 bps/Hz, and multiplexing efficiency < –3 dB. The antenna achieves a channel capacity greater than 22 bps/Hz in isotropic, Gaussian, and Laplacian media under nonfading conditions. Simulated and measured results show close agreement. This validates the proposed designs and highlights their suitability for practical applications such as sensing, imaging, and energy harvesting.