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<p>Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are promising for next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yields (up to 97.64%) and tunable emission (360–710&#xa0;nm). However, toxicity, instability, and scalability limit their use. This review explores green synthesis and stabilization strategies for sustainable PQD-based LEDs. Eco-friendly methods, such as ethyl acetate-based synthesis, tartaric acid-assisted reprecipitation, and solvent-free ball milling, achieve high PLQYs (e.g., 88.24% for CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbBr<sub>3</sub>) with low environmental impact. Lead-free PQDs, such as Cs<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>9</sub>, provide vibrant emission (400–560&#xa0;nm) and stability for over 60&#xa0;days. Stabilization techniques, including borophosphate glass encapsulation (94% photoluminescence (PL) retention after 240&#xa0;h in water), silica coatings, and nontoxic ion doping (Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Bi<sup>3+</sup>), improve resistance to moisture and heat. Hybrid approaches deliver external quantum efficiency (EQEs) up to 27.1% and operational lifetimes of 1001.1&#xa0;min for CsPbI<sub>3</sub> LEDs. These enable wide-color-gamut displays (128% NTSC), deep-blue LEDs, flexible optoelectronics, and anticounterfeiting applications. Recycling strategies using recovered PbI<sub>2</sub> support circular economy principles. These advancements enhance commercial viability through scalable, cost-effective synthesis, positioning PQDs for eco-conscious optoelectronic applications.</p>

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Green Synthesis Innovations and Robust Stabilization of Perovskite Quantum Dots for Sustainable High-Efficiency LED Technologies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Magda H. Abdellattif,
  • Shaima Messa,
  • Shaker Al-Hasnaawei,
  • Subbulakshmi Ganesan,
  • Ali Fawzi Al-Hussainy,
  • Amanpreet Sandhu,
  • Aashna Sinha

摘要

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are promising for next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their high photoluminescence quantum yields (up to 97.64%) and tunable emission (360–710 nm). However, toxicity, instability, and scalability limit their use. This review explores green synthesis and stabilization strategies for sustainable PQD-based LEDs. Eco-friendly methods, such as ethyl acetate-based synthesis, tartaric acid-assisted reprecipitation, and solvent-free ball milling, achieve high PLQYs (e.g., 88.24% for CH3NH3PbBr3) with low environmental impact. Lead-free PQDs, such as Cs3Bi2Br9, provide vibrant emission (400–560 nm) and stability for over 60 days. Stabilization techniques, including borophosphate glass encapsulation (94% photoluminescence (PL) retention after 240 h in water), silica coatings, and nontoxic ion doping (Mn2+, Bi3+), improve resistance to moisture and heat. Hybrid approaches deliver external quantum efficiency (EQEs) up to 27.1% and operational lifetimes of 1001.1 min for CsPbI3 LEDs. These enable wide-color-gamut displays (128% NTSC), deep-blue LEDs, flexible optoelectronics, and anticounterfeiting applications. Recycling strategies using recovered PbI2 support circular economy principles. These advancements enhance commercial viability through scalable, cost-effective synthesis, positioning PQDs for eco-conscious optoelectronic applications.