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<p>We report a sustainable and efficient route for the fabrication of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI<sub>3</sub>) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via a green solvent-based two-step deposition process. In this method, PbI<sub>2</sub> is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a less toxic solvent than traditional dimethylformamide (DMF), and spin-coated, followed by the deposition of FAI from isopropanol (IPA). Furthermore, surface passivation using a fluorinated interlayer, 4F-phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI), improves device morphology and charge transport, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.61.%. Comprehensive structural, optical, and electrical characterizations confirm enhanced crystallinity, reduced trap density, and suppressed hysteresis in treated devices. This environmentally benign and industrially scalable process paves the way for the commercialization of high-performance, low-toxicity perovskite photovoltaics.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Sustainable Engineering of FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells via Green Solvent Processing and Fluorinated Interfacial Passivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月18日

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  • Abhishek Kumar Chauhan,
  • Avinash Vishwakarma,
  • Ramashanker Gupta,
  • Swapnil Barthwal

摘要

We report a sustainable and efficient route for the fabrication of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via a green solvent-based two-step deposition process. In this method, PbI2 is dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a less toxic solvent than traditional dimethylformamide (DMF), and spin-coated, followed by the deposition of FAI from isopropanol (IPA). Furthermore, surface passivation using a fluorinated interlayer, 4F-phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI), improves device morphology and charge transport, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.61.%. Comprehensive structural, optical, and electrical characterizations confirm enhanced crystallinity, reduced trap density, and suppressed hysteresis in treated devices. This environmentally benign and industrially scalable process paves the way for the commercialization of high-performance, low-toxicity perovskite photovoltaics.

Graphical abstract