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<p>Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, from nanorods to nanofibers, were synthesized using a straightforward hydrothermal method. Samples were synthesized with different growth times of 5&#xa0;h, 12&#xa0;h, and 20&#xa0;h, as well as different titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2)</sub> atomic percentages (0, 3, and 6 at%). Characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological study, while chemical composition was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Optical properties were measured by Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. The formation of ZnO nanorods and nanowires was confirmed trough SEM and the chemical composition by EDS and XPS. In this work, we propose a controlled growth mechanism of ZnO nanorods using TiO<sub>2</sub> as nucleation centers without affecting the lattice parameters or doping. SEM images reveal a physical effect on nanostructure growth due to the influence of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles on the zinc oxide formation process. After 20&#xa0;h of growth, exceptionally long ZnO nanofibers were obtained, with diameters ranging from 20&#xa0;nm to 25&#xa0;nm and lengths in the micrometer scale (growth rate about 8&#xa0;nm/m). The nanorods produced by this method exhibit very controlled growth, which makes them promising for applications in ZnO-based gas sensors, due to the increased surface area. Their vertical and ordered arrangement is particularly advantageous for optimizing the sensing process.</p>

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Study of TiO2 as a Nucleation Site and the Effect of Growth Time on the Morphology of ZnO/TiO2 Nanostructures, Evolving from Nanorods to Nanofibers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • E. León-Salguero,
  • J. Alvarado-Rivera,
  • D. Berman-Mendoza,
  • R. Gómez-Fuentes

摘要

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures, from nanorods to nanofibers, were synthesized using a straightforward hydrothermal method. Samples were synthesized with different growth times of 5 h, 12 h, and 20 h, as well as different titanium dioxide (TiO2) atomic percentages (0, 3, and 6 at%). Characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological study, while chemical composition was analyzed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Optical properties were measured by Raman spectroscopy at room temperature. The formation of ZnO nanorods and nanowires was confirmed trough SEM and the chemical composition by EDS and XPS. In this work, we propose a controlled growth mechanism of ZnO nanorods using TiO2 as nucleation centers without affecting the lattice parameters or doping. SEM images reveal a physical effect on nanostructure growth due to the influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the zinc oxide formation process. After 20 h of growth, exceptionally long ZnO nanofibers were obtained, with diameters ranging from 20 nm to 25 nm and lengths in the micrometer scale (growth rate about 8 nm/m). The nanorods produced by this method exhibit very controlled growth, which makes them promising for applications in ZnO-based gas sensors, due to the increased surface area. Their vertical and ordered arrangement is particularly advantageous for optimizing the sensing process.