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<p>This study investigates the structural, vibrational, and magnetic properties of Ni<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>Cd<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel ferrites, synthesized via the citric-assisted solution combustion method, with Cd doping ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 (in increments of 0.2). A comprehensive characterization approach, including powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and <sup>57</sup>Fe internal field nuclear magnetic resonance (IFNMR) at 77&#xa0;K, was used to analyze the samples. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size of the NCF samples increased with Cd content from NCF 2 to NCF 8, with no significant change observed for pure nickel ferrite (NCF 0) and cadmium ferrite (NCF 10). Structural defect parameters, such as the dislocation density and strain, decreased with increasing Cd at the A-site. The FTIR and Raman spectra showed a decrease in the wave number and force constant at the B-site as the cadmium content at the A-site increased, with Raman peaks related to the B-site vanishing in NCF 6 to NCF 10, indicating the presence of NiO<sub>4</sub>/FeO<sub>4</sub> tetrahedra. Magnetic characterization by VSM and EPR indicates that a higher cadmium content (NCF 8 and NCF 10) results in nonmagnetic behavior, characterized by minimal magnetic saturation and absence of microwave absorption. <sup>57</sup>Fe IFNMR revealed a marked reduction in A-site occupancy and a corresponding increase in B-site occupancy as Cd doping progressed from NCF 0 to NCF 6, suggesting a shift of Ni ions to the B-site due to the nonmagnetic Cd doping at the A-site. No NMR signals were observed for NCF 8 and NCF 10, further confirming the nonmagnetic nature of these samples. The XRD, VSM, FTIR, Raman, and IFNMR results converged, demonstrating a clear link between Cd doping, site occupancy, structural evolution, and magnetic properties, highlighting the potential for tailoring the material properties for specific applications.</p>

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Correlative Analysis of Structural, Vibrational, and Magnetic Properties in Cadmium-Doped Nickel Ferrites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月1日

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  • N. Mahathi,
  • S. M. Arun Kumar,
  • J. Thipperudrappa,
  • G. Srinivas Reddy,
  • B. N. Meera,
  • K. J. Mallikarjunaiah,
  • Manjunatha Mushtagatte

摘要

This study investigates the structural, vibrational, and magnetic properties of Ni1–xCdxFe2O4 spinel ferrites, synthesized via the citric-assisted solution combustion method, with Cd doping ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 (in increments of 0.2). A comprehensive characterization approach, including powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and 57Fe internal field nuclear magnetic resonance (IFNMR) at 77 K, was used to analyze the samples. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallite size of the NCF samples increased with Cd content from NCF 2 to NCF 8, with no significant change observed for pure nickel ferrite (NCF 0) and cadmium ferrite (NCF 10). Structural defect parameters, such as the dislocation density and strain, decreased with increasing Cd at the A-site. The FTIR and Raman spectra showed a decrease in the wave number and force constant at the B-site as the cadmium content at the A-site increased, with Raman peaks related to the B-site vanishing in NCF 6 to NCF 10, indicating the presence of NiO4/FeO4 tetrahedra. Magnetic characterization by VSM and EPR indicates that a higher cadmium content (NCF 8 and NCF 10) results in nonmagnetic behavior, characterized by minimal magnetic saturation and absence of microwave absorption. 57Fe IFNMR revealed a marked reduction in A-site occupancy and a corresponding increase in B-site occupancy as Cd doping progressed from NCF 0 to NCF 6, suggesting a shift of Ni ions to the B-site due to the nonmagnetic Cd doping at the A-site. No NMR signals were observed for NCF 8 and NCF 10, further confirming the nonmagnetic nature of these samples. The XRD, VSM, FTIR, Raman, and IFNMR results converged, demonstrating a clear link between Cd doping, site occupancy, structural evolution, and magnetic properties, highlighting the potential for tailoring the material properties for specific applications.