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<p>The growing need for sustainable environmental remediation and renewable energy solutions highlight the critical need for effective photocatalysts and photoanodes. In this study, a TiO<sub>2</sub>/SnS heterostructure was strategically designed and explored for its dual functionality in photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. The morphology and structure of the samples were examined using x-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results confirmed that the synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub>/SnS nanocomposites consisted of rutile phase TiO<sub>2</sub> and orthorhombic SnS phases, indicating the successful formation of a well-defined heterostructure. Furthermore, we fabricated DSSCs using the prepared TiO<sub>2</sub>/SnS hybrid as a photoanode. The optimized TiO<sub>2</sub>/SnS-3 hybrid achieved a maximum efficiency of 6.16%, significantly outperforming pure TiO<sub>2</sub> (2.04%) due to improved charge transport and interfacial electron transfer. Under sunlight irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of the TiO<sub>2</sub>/SnS nanocomposite was examined for the degradation of the toxic antibiotic pollutant ciprofloxacin (CIP). The results indicate that the optimized TiO<sub>2</sub>/SnS-3 composite exhibited superior performance, achieving 94.8% CIP degradation under natural light within 105&#xa0;min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (<i>k</i> = 0.041&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>). These results show that TiO<sub>2</sub>/SnS-3 is an efficient and versatile heterostructure for solar energy conversion and environmental purification. Its superior performance in photocatalysis and photovoltaics highlights its potential for green energy and wastewater treatment technologies.</p>

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Strategic Design of TiO2-SnS Hybrid Nanostructures: Dual-Function Catalysts for Antibiotic Removal and Solar Energy Conversion in DSSCs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月15日

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  • K. Prabhu chandran,
  • Srigitha S. Nath,
  • K. Sudha,
  • T. Vinod Kumar,
  • S. Kumaran,
  • J. Sasidevi

摘要

The growing need for sustainable environmental remediation and renewable energy solutions highlight the critical need for effective photocatalysts and photoanodes. In this study, a TiO2/SnS heterostructure was strategically designed and explored for its dual functionality in photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. The morphology and structure of the samples were examined using x-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results confirmed that the synthesized TiO2/SnS nanocomposites consisted of rutile phase TiO2 and orthorhombic SnS phases, indicating the successful formation of a well-defined heterostructure. Furthermore, we fabricated DSSCs using the prepared TiO2/SnS hybrid as a photoanode. The optimized TiO2/SnS-3 hybrid achieved a maximum efficiency of 6.16%, significantly outperforming pure TiO2 (2.04%) due to improved charge transport and interfacial electron transfer. Under sunlight irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2/SnS nanocomposite was examined for the degradation of the toxic antibiotic pollutant ciprofloxacin (CIP). The results indicate that the optimized TiO2/SnS-3 composite exhibited superior performance, achieving 94.8% CIP degradation under natural light within 105 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 0.041 min−1). These results show that TiO2/SnS-3 is an efficient and versatile heterostructure for solar energy conversion and environmental purification. Its superior performance in photocatalysis and photovoltaics highlights its potential for green energy and wastewater treatment technologies.