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<p>A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of pyridinium propargylamine formate (PPF) in an electroless nickel-phosphorus (ENP) acid bath, with a particular focus on the deposition kinetics, surface characteristics (glossiness/morphology), and electrochemical behavior. The ENP coatings were characterized through multiscale analysis, including x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography, and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). PPF was found to reduce the deposition rate, roughness, and porosity and refine grain crystals, while forming a more uniform and brighter coating. The highest glossiness of Ni-P coating (208.3GU) was obtained at 200&#xa0;mg/L PPF, higher than in the absence of PPF with an increase of 30.6%, while the porosity decreased by 81.4%, the contact angle increased from 48.8° to 70.4°, and the Ra/Rq values were reduced from 114.0&#xa0;nm/156.0&#xa0;nm to 20.7&#xa0;nm/28.0&#xa0;nm. Meanwhile, adsorption of PPF refined the size of deposits while improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating. Moreover, PPF demonstrates preferential adsorption for high-activity nickel sites on convex surfaces. This selectivity suppresses the adsorption of both H<sub>2</sub>PO<Stack> <sub>2</sub> <sup>−</sup> </Stack> and Ni<sup>2+</sup> at these locations. The resulting adsorption energy differential between convex and concave regions induces distinct Ni-P deposition kinetics. This differential deposition rate fills height discrepancies, thereby promoting coating leveling.</p>

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Effect of Pyridinium Propargylamine Formate on Properties and Structure of Acid Electroless Nickel Plating

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Jiyuan Xiao,
  • Hanyang Zuo,
  • Chunlin Li,
  • Honglin Yan,
  • Yunbo Zhang,
  • Tong Wu,
  • Xinyu Meng,
  • Jianhong Lu

摘要

A systematic investigation was conducted on the effects of pyridinium propargylamine formate (PPF) in an electroless nickel-phosphorus (ENP) acid bath, with a particular focus on the deposition kinetics, surface characteristics (glossiness/morphology), and electrochemical behavior. The ENP coatings were characterized through multiscale analysis, including x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography, and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). PPF was found to reduce the deposition rate, roughness, and porosity and refine grain crystals, while forming a more uniform and brighter coating. The highest glossiness of Ni-P coating (208.3GU) was obtained at 200 mg/L PPF, higher than in the absence of PPF with an increase of 30.6%, while the porosity decreased by 81.4%, the contact angle increased from 48.8° to 70.4°, and the Ra/Rq values were reduced from 114.0 nm/156.0 nm to 20.7 nm/28.0 nm. Meanwhile, adsorption of PPF refined the size of deposits while improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating. Moreover, PPF demonstrates preferential adsorption for high-activity nickel sites on convex surfaces. This selectivity suppresses the adsorption of both H2PO 2 − and Ni2+ at these locations. The resulting adsorption energy differential between convex and concave regions induces distinct Ni-P deposition kinetics. This differential deposition rate fills height discrepancies, thereby promoting coating leveling.