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<p>The electrical transport characteristics of glass-ceramic samples modified with BaTiO<sub>3</sub> were investigated using impedance spectroscopic analysis. Frequency-dependent ac conductivity data were fitted using Jonscher's universal power law. The power exponent (<i>n</i>) of ac conductivity, estimated from the theoretical fitting of experimental data, demonstrated its dependence on both temperature and the barium titanate (BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ) content. A notable observation was that, as the temperature increased (ranging from 583&#xa0;K to 703&#xa0;K) , the values of the power exponent "<i>n</i>" decreased (i.e., for <i>x</i>&#xa0;=&#xa0;0, 10,and 20 ranging from 0.79 to 0.63, 0.82 to 0.68, and 0.85 to 0.69, respectively) , suggesting that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model can be more easily applied to explain the ac conduction and hopping transport mechanisms of the studied glass-ceramic samples. The activation energy values calculated for the samples range from 1.155&#xa0;eV to 1.096&#xa0;eV, showing a decrement with the increase in BaTiO<sub>3</sub> content in the glass matrix. The dc conductivity values were found to lie in the range of 10<sup>-11</sup> to 10<sup>-9</sup> (ohm&#xa0;m)<sup>−&#xa0;1</sup>, exhibiting an increasing trend with increasing BaTiO<sub>3</sub> content, indicating enhanced electrical conductivity in the samples.</p>

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Temperature-Dependent Conduction Mechanism in BaTiO3 Modified Bismuth Borate Glass-Ceramic System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Seema Thakur,
  • Vanita Thakur,
  • Preeti Sharma

摘要

The electrical transport characteristics of glass-ceramic samples modified with BaTiO3 were investigated using impedance spectroscopic analysis. Frequency-dependent ac conductivity data were fitted using Jonscher's universal power law. The power exponent (n) of ac conductivity, estimated from the theoretical fitting of experimental data, demonstrated its dependence on both temperature and the barium titanate (BaTiO3 ) content. A notable observation was that, as the temperature increased (ranging from 583 K to 703 K) , the values of the power exponent "n" decreased (i.e., for x = 0, 10,and 20 ranging from 0.79 to 0.63, 0.82 to 0.68, and 0.85 to 0.69, respectively) , suggesting that the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model can be more easily applied to explain the ac conduction and hopping transport mechanisms of the studied glass-ceramic samples. The activation energy values calculated for the samples range from 1.155 eV to 1.096 eV, showing a decrement with the increase in BaTiO3 content in the glass matrix. The dc conductivity values were found to lie in the range of 10-11 to 10-9 (ohm m)− 1, exhibiting an increasing trend with increasing BaTiO3 content, indicating enhanced electrical conductivity in the samples.