Influencing Factors of the Performance of Layered Double Hydroxide Film-Based Water Evaporation-Driven Nanogenerators
摘要
The performance of water-evaporation-driven nanogenerators (WENGs) based on layered double hydroxide (LDH) films is affected by a complex interaction among material properties, structural parameters, and environmental conditions. This study systematically explores the impacts of LDH film thickness (ranging from 5 μm to 15 μm), height (from 0.2 cm to 1.8 cm), length (from 4 cm to 10 cm), environmental temperature (from 20.8 °C to 50.2 °C), humidity (from 58% to 82% RH), solution ion concentration (from 10−7 M to 10−1 M for NaCl/NaOH), and LDH nanosheet size (from 45 nm to 200 nm) on the electrical output of LDH-based WENGs. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, we clarify the mechanisms by which these factors regulate the electrical double layer (EDL), ion-transport kinetics, and evaporation-driven forces. Our results disclose that thinner films, greater heights, and longer lengths boost power generation by optimizing ion transport and evaporation rates. Higher temperatures and lower humidity levels improve voltage output remarkably, while an increased ion concentration reduces performance due to the weakened overlap of the EDL. Smaller LDH nanosheets display superior performance due to their larger specific surface area and enhanced nanofluidic flux. This work offers a comprehensive understanding of the decoupled effects of critical parameters on WENG performance, providing valuable insights for the design of high-efficiency, scalable nanogenerators for self-powered sensors and Internet of Thing devices.