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<p>Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly in hyperthermia-based therapy. This study numerically investigates the thermal performance of pristine and coated nanoparticles with various geometries (nanospheres, nanoellipsoids, nanorods, and nanostars) using a 3D simulation framework in COMSOL Multiphysics. Comparative numerical analyses of heat generation were conducted in pristine and encapsulated nanostructures for enhanced hyperthermia-based cancer treatment. A 0.5&#xa0;<i>µ</i>m spherical tissue domain with human tissue-like thermal properties was modeled to analyze heat generation and distribution, and the results indicate that pristine nanostructures fail to reach the hyperthermia threshold (≥&#xa0;42&#xa0;°C), emphasizing the need for surface modifications. Coated nanostructures exhibit enhanced thermal efficiency, with thinner coatings promoting greater heat generation due to improved plasmonic resonance. Silver nanostars with a 1-nm gold coating achieved the highest temperature of 47&#xa0;°C, but a 1.5-nm coating provided a more optimal temperature of 45.9&#xa0;°C, balancing efficacy and safety. Thermal equilibrium was reached in&#xa0;~&#xa0;0.1&#xa0;<i>µ</i>s, highlighting the rapid heat transfer dynamics of these nanostructures. This study underscores the critical role of coating thickness in optimizing nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment.</p>

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Comparative Numerical Analyses of Heat Generation in Pristine and Encapsulated Metallic Nanostructures for Enhanced Hyperthermia Efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • Tanzeela Asghar,
  • Muhammad Yasin Naz,
  • Tareq Kareri,
  • Saba Afzal,
  • Nosheen Goshi,
  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Mohammed Jalalah

摘要

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer treatment, particularly in hyperthermia-based therapy. This study numerically investigates the thermal performance of pristine and coated nanoparticles with various geometries (nanospheres, nanoellipsoids, nanorods, and nanostars) using a 3D simulation framework in COMSOL Multiphysics. Comparative numerical analyses of heat generation were conducted in pristine and encapsulated nanostructures for enhanced hyperthermia-based cancer treatment. A 0.5 µm spherical tissue domain with human tissue-like thermal properties was modeled to analyze heat generation and distribution, and the results indicate that pristine nanostructures fail to reach the hyperthermia threshold (≥ 42 °C), emphasizing the need for surface modifications. Coated nanostructures exhibit enhanced thermal efficiency, with thinner coatings promoting greater heat generation due to improved plasmonic resonance. Silver nanostars with a 1-nm gold coating achieved the highest temperature of 47 °C, but a 1.5-nm coating provided a more optimal temperature of 45.9 °C, balancing efficacy and safety. Thermal equilibrium was reached in ~ 0.1 µs, highlighting the rapid heat transfer dynamics of these nanostructures. This study underscores the critical role of coating thickness in optimizing nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment.