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<p>This study aimed to investigate the thermoelectric properties of Cu<sub>4+<i>x</i></sub>TiSe<sub>4</sub> (<i>x</i> = −0.04, −0.02, 0, +0.02, and +0.04) as a potential candidate for energy conversion applications. High-purity precursor materials were used to prepare specimens by solid-state reaction, followed by ball milling and hot pressing. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed a cubic crystal structure with a lattice parameter of about 11.288&#xa0;Å. Raman spectroscopy revealed unique vibrational modes associated with the Cu<sub>4</sub>TiSe<sub>4</sub> phase. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed homogeneous microstructures with variable elemental compositions that corresponded to the expected stoichiometry. Electrical transport measurements revealed that the Cu-deficient sample (<i>x</i> = −0.04) possessed the lowest resistivity and the highest Seebeck coefficient, leading to a power factor of 44.4&#xa0;μW/mK<sup>2</sup>. The Cu-rich sample demonstrated the lowest lattice thermal conductivity of 0.51&#xa0;W/mK at 624&#xa0;K. This underlines the significant impact of precise stoichiometric control on electrical and thermal transport characteristics, establishing Cu<sub>4</sub>TiSe<sub>4</sub> as a promising material for further research toward advanced energy conversion technologies.</p>

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Effect of Copper Stoichiometry on the Thermoelectric Properties of Cu4+xTiSe4

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • Maheen Kanwal,
  • Zhihao Li,
  • Fulong Liu,
  • Hao Sun,
  • Hongxiang Wang,
  • Hongchao Wang

摘要

This study aimed to investigate the thermoelectric properties of Cu4+xTiSe4 (x = −0.04, −0.02, 0, +0.02, and +0.04) as a potential candidate for energy conversion applications. High-purity precursor materials were used to prepare specimens by solid-state reaction, followed by ball milling and hot pressing. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed a cubic crystal structure with a lattice parameter of about 11.288 Å. Raman spectroscopy revealed unique vibrational modes associated with the Cu4TiSe4 phase. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed homogeneous microstructures with variable elemental compositions that corresponded to the expected stoichiometry. Electrical transport measurements revealed that the Cu-deficient sample (x = −0.04) possessed the lowest resistivity and the highest Seebeck coefficient, leading to a power factor of 44.4 μW/mK2. The Cu-rich sample demonstrated the lowest lattice thermal conductivity of 0.51 W/mK at 624 K. This underlines the significant impact of precise stoichiometric control on electrical and thermal transport characteristics, establishing Cu4TiSe4 as a promising material for further research toward advanced energy conversion technologies.