<p>Piezoelectric materials are among the most essential functional materials, with widespread applications across various fields. As the demands of industries such as aerospace continue to evolve, the need for high-temperature piezoelectric materials has become more critical. Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric (BLSF) bismuth titanate-ferrite (Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub>), is a typical bismuth-layered piezoelectric compound, known for its high Curie temperature (<i>T</i><sub>C</sub> ~ 761°C). Despite its promising properties, the application of Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> at elevated temperatures is hindered by issues such as a low piezoelectric constant and poor direct-current (dc) electrical resistivity. In this study, we report a significant enhancement in the piezoelectric properties of Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> at high temperatures through the co-substitution of sodium (Na) and cerium (Ce) into the Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> lattice. The crystal structure, microstructure, and dielectric, electrical, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of Bi<sub>5−<i>x</i></sub>(NaCe)<sub><i>x</i>/2</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> (BTF-100<i>x</i>NaCe), were thoroughly investigated. Our results reveal that the piezoelectric constant (<i>d</i><sub>33</sub>) of BTF-14NaCe is significantly improved, reaching 22.8 pC/N, which is three times that of pristine Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> (7.1 pC/N), while the <i>T</i><sub>C</sub> remains nearly unchanged at approximately 760°C. Furthermore, BTF-14NaCe exhibits significantly enhanced high-temperature dc electrical resistivity, with values of 1.93 × 10<sup>7</sup> Ω·cm at 400°C and 1.28 × 10<sup>6</sup> Ω·cm at 500°C, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than those of Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub> (6.98 × 10<sup>5</sup> Ω·cm at 400°C, 7.63 × 10<sup>4</sup> Ω·cm at 500°C). Additionally, BTF-14NaCe demonstrates remarkable thermal stability of both piezoelectric and electromechanical properties up to 400°C. These findings indicate that the Bi<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>FeO<sub>15</sub>-based ceramic material holds considerable potential as an advanced candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.</p>

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Piezoelectric Properties of A-Site Na and Ce Co-Substituted Bismuth Titanate-Ferrite (Bi5Ti3FeO15) for High-Temperature Applications

  • Chao Yu,
  • Yi-Jun Wan,
  • Xin-Yu Yu,
  • En-Meng Liang,
  • Ubaid Ur Rehman,
  • Wei-Jing Kong,
  • Chun-Ming Wang

摘要

Piezoelectric materials are among the most essential functional materials, with widespread applications across various fields. As the demands of industries such as aerospace continue to evolve, the need for high-temperature piezoelectric materials has become more critical. Bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric (BLSF) bismuth titanate-ferrite (Bi5Ti3FeO15), is a typical bismuth-layered piezoelectric compound, known for its high Curie temperature (TC ~ 761°C). Despite its promising properties, the application of Bi5Ti3FeO15 at elevated temperatures is hindered by issues such as a low piezoelectric constant and poor direct-current (dc) electrical resistivity. In this study, we report a significant enhancement in the piezoelectric properties of Bi5Ti3FeO15 at high temperatures through the co-substitution of sodium (Na) and cerium (Ce) into the Bi5Ti3FeO15 lattice. The crystal structure, microstructure, and dielectric, electrical, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of Bi5−x(NaCe)x/2Ti3FeO15 (BTF-100xNaCe), were thoroughly investigated. Our results reveal that the piezoelectric constant (d33) of BTF-14NaCe is significantly improved, reaching 22.8 pC/N, which is three times that of pristine Bi5Ti3FeO15 (7.1 pC/N), while the TC remains nearly unchanged at approximately 760°C. Furthermore, BTF-14NaCe exhibits significantly enhanced high-temperature dc electrical resistivity, with values of 1.93 × 107 Ω·cm at 400°C and 1.28 × 106 Ω·cm at 500°C, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than those of Bi5Ti3FeO15 (6.98 × 105 Ω·cm at 400°C, 7.63 × 104 Ω·cm at 500°C). Additionally, BTF-14NaCe demonstrates remarkable thermal stability of both piezoelectric and electromechanical properties up to 400°C. These findings indicate that the Bi5Ti3FeO15-based ceramic material holds considerable potential as an advanced candidate for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.