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<p>Increased industrial activity, agriculture, and population growth all contribute to water contamination. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), porosity, and the high surface area of nanoparticles show tremendous promise as adsorbents for removing heavy metals and other impurities from polluted water. Among several methods used to create nanoscale Zr-MOFs are microwave-assisted synthesis, and solvothermal, sonochemical, ionothermal, and mechanochemical procedures. The synthesis, structure and characterization of Zr-MOFs have been compared in this study between conventional solvothermal and microwave-assisted methods for Pb adsorption from aqueous solutions. Using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, two processes for synthesizing Zr-MOFs have been characterized. The outcomes demonstrate the crystalline structure of both MOFs. The key benefits of microwave-assisted synthesis over other methods are its quick nucleation rate, short reaction time, and improved Zr-MOFs characteristics. Additionally, the microwave approach encourages more rapid synthesis with a total time of reaction of 2&#xa0;h at the same temperature of 120&#xa0;°C, whereas the conventional process typically takes 24&#xa0;h. The current research aims to use Zr-MOFs to adsorb the lead (Pb) from aqueous solution. The removal percentage was 91% with high adsorption capacity by using microwave synthesis, while the percentage was 86% in the case of conventional methods; therefore, the results revealed that Pb(II) ion adsorption from an aqueous solution by Zr-MOFs microwave-assisted synthesis is more dominant than the conventional oven synthesis technique.</p>

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Fabrication of Zr-MOFs Nanostructures by Thermal Processing and Their Use in Lead (Pb) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • Huda Jafaar Mohammed,
  • Samara J. Mohammad

摘要

Increased industrial activity, agriculture, and population growth all contribute to water contamination. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), porosity, and the high surface area of nanoparticles show tremendous promise as adsorbents for removing heavy metals and other impurities from polluted water. Among several methods used to create nanoscale Zr-MOFs are microwave-assisted synthesis, and solvothermal, sonochemical, ionothermal, and mechanochemical procedures. The synthesis, structure and characterization of Zr-MOFs have been compared in this study between conventional solvothermal and microwave-assisted methods for Pb adsorption from aqueous solutions. Using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, two processes for synthesizing Zr-MOFs have been characterized. The outcomes demonstrate the crystalline structure of both MOFs. The key benefits of microwave-assisted synthesis over other methods are its quick nucleation rate, short reaction time, and improved Zr-MOFs characteristics. Additionally, the microwave approach encourages more rapid synthesis with a total time of reaction of 2 h at the same temperature of 120 °C, whereas the conventional process typically takes 24 h. The current research aims to use Zr-MOFs to adsorb the lead (Pb) from aqueous solution. The removal percentage was 91% with high adsorption capacity by using microwave synthesis, while the percentage was 86% in the case of conventional methods; therefore, the results revealed that Pb(II) ion adsorption from an aqueous solution by Zr-MOFs microwave-assisted synthesis is more dominant than the conventional oven synthesis technique.