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<p>With the growing use of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in high-demand applications, maintaining their performance in elevated temperature environments has become increasingly challenging. This study focuses on evaluating the thermal behavior of VCSELs in various conditions. An optical measurement method tailored to the VCSEL structure was employed to assess the impact of heat on the reflection spectrum of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) layer in real-world scenarios. The study also examined how thermal variations affect the gain in the active region and the DBR reflection spectrum, subsequently influencing VCSEL output. Experimental results showed that the DBR reflectance spectrum shifts at an average rate of 0.0517 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11664_2025_12061_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {nm/}^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mtext>nm/</mtext> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>C. Additionally, at current levels of 6 mA, 8 mA, and 10 mA, the corresponding ambient temperatures aligning the resonant cavity mode with the gain peak were 84.34<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11664_2025_12061_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="7" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="9" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mo>∘</mo> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>C, 66.95<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11664_2025_12061_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="7" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="9" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mo>∘</mo> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>C, and 46.14<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11664_2025_12061_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="7" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="9" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mo>∘</mo> </mmultiscripts> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>C, respectively. This method provides strategies for designing VCSELs capable of stable operation under specified temperature conditions.</p>

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Analyzing the Thermal Properties of 850-nm VCSELs During Operation Through Optical Measurements

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Jumin Zhao,
  • Chenyu Zhao,
  • Dengao Li,
  • Yuxiang Lv,
  • Biao Luo,
  • Bao Tang,
  • Minfu Zhang,
  • Jiajian Song

摘要

With the growing use of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in high-demand applications, maintaining their performance in elevated temperature environments has become increasingly challenging. This study focuses on evaluating the thermal behavior of VCSELs in various conditions. An optical measurement method tailored to the VCSEL structure was employed to assess the impact of heat on the reflection spectrum of the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) layer in real-world scenarios. The study also examined how thermal variations affect the gain in the active region and the DBR reflection spectrum, subsequently influencing VCSEL output. Experimental results showed that the DBR reflectance spectrum shifts at an average rate of 0.0517 \(\hbox {nm/}^{\circ }\) nm/ ∘ C. Additionally, at current levels of 6 mA, 8 mA, and 10 mA, the corresponding ambient temperatures aligning the resonant cavity mode with the gain peak were 84.34 \(^{\circ }\) ∘ C, 66.95 \(^{\circ }\) ∘ C, and 46.14 \(^{\circ }\) ∘ C, respectively. This method provides strategies for designing VCSELs capable of stable operation under specified temperature conditions.