<p>The demand for energy for human needs is continuously increasing across this green planet. Fossil fuels, traditionally the major source of energy, also cause substantial environmental pollution, necessitating the replacement of oil, coal, and gas with solar energy, an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. Exploring and adopting a new system and technology that integrates solar energy harvesting and storage in a single device will help make this globe pollution-free for future generations. To date, the research on solar energy harvesting and storage has been explored to a relatively small extent by the scientific community. Future energy devices and systems will have an integrated function of solar energy conversion and storage, making them suitable for extensive applications. Therefore, a photo-supercapacitor, a compact hybrid form of solar cells and supercapacitors, is an innovative solution that enables the conversion of solar energy into electric current and storage of current produced in the form of electric charge for future use. The photoanode, dye, redox electrolyte, counter electrode, and supercapacitor working electrode are the key performance parameters that improve the efficiency of high-performance photo-supercapacitor devices. This article provides an inclusive review of material research progress and its application to supercapacitors.</p>