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<p>In this study, six types of tetravalent ionic substitutions were introduced at the Ti site of rutile Zn<sub>0.15</sub>Nb<sub>0.3</sub>Ti<sub>0.55</sub>O<sub>2</sub> ceramics, including single Mn<sup>4+</sup> ion and complex ions (Zr<sub>1/2</sub>W<sub>1/3</sub>)<sup>4+</sup>, (Al<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)<sup>4+</sup>, (Fe<sub>1/2</sub>Nb<sub>1/2</sub>)<sup>4+</sup>, (Mg<sub>1/2</sub>W<sub>1/2</sub>)<sup>4+</sup> and (Mn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)<sup>4+</sup>, with total substitution content of less than 5% mol. It was found that rutile Zn<sub>0.15</sub>Nb<sub>0.3</sub>Ti<sub>0.55</sub>O<sub>2</sub> solid solution can only be formed when the Ti site is partially replaced by (Zr<sub>1/2</sub>W<sub>1/3</sub>)<sup>4+</sup> ions. Despite that, ixiolite orthorhombic ZnTiNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> as the secondary phase exists in the remaining samples, with its contents gradually increasing. The <i>ε</i><sub>r</sub> value is mainly affected by the contents of each phase. Specifically, the theoretical <i>ε</i><sub>r</sub> value calculated via the finite element method combined with Monte Carlo simulation shows the smallest discrepancy between the experimental <i>ε</i><sub>r</sub> value. This fitting model also applies to the variation of the <i>Q</i>×<i>f</i> value. In addition, the average grain size serves as a measure of the grain boundary count. Its impact on grain boundary loss is crucial. This is an important consideration that cannot be overlooked when working on the development of the <i>Q×f</i> value. Benefitted by the temperature compensation effects of the ZnTiNb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> phase, the <i>τ</i><sub>f</sub> value of ionic-modified Zn<sub>0.15</sub>Nb<sub>0.3</sub>Ti<sub>0.55</sub>O<sub>2</sub> ceramics decreases. This indicates that the Ti site modification method based on a multi-phase composite can effectively adjust the microwave dielectric properties.</p>

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Effects of Tetravalent Ionic Substitution on Phase Composition and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Rutile Zn0.15Nb0.3Ti0.55O2 Ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月26日

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  • Juncheng Ma,
  • Qingang Shi,
  • Yuxuan Ma,
  • Kaiwen Xue,
  • Qianjuan Wu,
  • Hongyu Yang,
  • Zhe Xiong

摘要

In this study, six types of tetravalent ionic substitutions were introduced at the Ti site of rutile Zn0.15Nb0.3Ti0.55O2 ceramics, including single Mn4+ ion and complex ions (Zr1/2W1/3)4+, (Al1/2Nb1/2)4+, (Fe1/2Nb1/2)4+, (Mg1/2W1/2)4+ and (Mn1/3Nb2/3)4+, with total substitution content of less than 5% mol. It was found that rutile Zn0.15Nb0.3Ti0.55O2 solid solution can only be formed when the Ti site is partially replaced by (Zr1/2W1/3)4+ ions. Despite that, ixiolite orthorhombic ZnTiNb2O8 as the secondary phase exists in the remaining samples, with its contents gradually increasing. The εr value is mainly affected by the contents of each phase. Specifically, the theoretical εr value calculated via the finite element method combined with Monte Carlo simulation shows the smallest discrepancy between the experimental εr value. This fitting model also applies to the variation of the Q×f value. In addition, the average grain size serves as a measure of the grain boundary count. Its impact on grain boundary loss is crucial. This is an important consideration that cannot be overlooked when working on the development of the Q×f value. Benefitted by the temperature compensation effects of the ZnTiNb2O8 phase, the τf value of ionic-modified Zn0.15Nb0.3Ti0.55O2 ceramics decreases. This indicates that the Ti site modification method based on a multi-phase composite can effectively adjust the microwave dielectric properties.