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<p>This paper presents a novel programmable optically variable resistor (POVR) using a TiO<sub>2</sub>–epoxy nanocomposite core within a lossy optical fiber structure. Conventional voltage-controlled resistors often face limitations in precision tuning and scalability, necessitating alternative solutions for modern electronic systems. The POVR, equipped with a red, green, and blue light-emitting diode (RGB LED) source, optical spacer, and CdS-based light-dependent resistor (LDR), offers a wide programmable resistance range controlled by forward bias voltages applied to the LEDs. The device operates in narrow-spectrum source control (NSSC) mode for red, green, and blue LEDs, with tunable optical properties. An analytical model describing the resistance–voltage relationship was validated experimentally, achieving tunable resistance from a few kilo-ohms to tens of mega-ohms with mean error below 5%. The TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle loading enhances optical control through scattering and absorption. Green LEDs provide fine-tuning of high resistance, blue LEDs maximize range, and red LEDs minimize resistance. The POVR’s versatility makes it ideal for automated biasing and precision resistance tuning in electronic circuits, offering a scalable solution for modern electronic systems. This research provides a significant advancement in optoelectronic components, presenting a compact, cost-effective, and programmable resistance solution for emerging applications in precision electronics and automation.</p>

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TiO2 – Epoxy Nanocomposite-Based Lossy Optical Fiber Core Structures for Realizing Wide-Range Programmable Optically Variable Resistors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月12日

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  • Sneha Ray,
  • Tanushree Saha,
  • Angsuman Sarkar,
  • Palash Das,
  • Aritra Acharyya

摘要

This paper presents a novel programmable optically variable resistor (POVR) using a TiO2–epoxy nanocomposite core within a lossy optical fiber structure. Conventional voltage-controlled resistors often face limitations in precision tuning and scalability, necessitating alternative solutions for modern electronic systems. The POVR, equipped with a red, green, and blue light-emitting diode (RGB LED) source, optical spacer, and CdS-based light-dependent resistor (LDR), offers a wide programmable resistance range controlled by forward bias voltages applied to the LEDs. The device operates in narrow-spectrum source control (NSSC) mode for red, green, and blue LEDs, with tunable optical properties. An analytical model describing the resistance–voltage relationship was validated experimentally, achieving tunable resistance from a few kilo-ohms to tens of mega-ohms with mean error below 5%. The TiO2 nanoparticle loading enhances optical control through scattering and absorption. Green LEDs provide fine-tuning of high resistance, blue LEDs maximize range, and red LEDs minimize resistance. The POVR’s versatility makes it ideal for automated biasing and precision resistance tuning in electronic circuits, offering a scalable solution for modern electronic systems. This research provides a significant advancement in optoelectronic components, presenting a compact, cost-effective, and programmable resistance solution for emerging applications in precision electronics and automation.