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Abstract <p>Traditional locks exhibit vulnerabilities in emergency situations, as they lack alarm or response mechanisms and are unable to prevent brute force attacks. Amid the surge in IoT and biometric technology, smart locks are undergoing transformative improvements. Biometric locks, offering enhanced security and convenience, still face challenges such as irreversible data risks and high costs. To address these limitations, we proposed a green, safe triboelectric nanogenerator (AN-TENG) based on NaCl/agar hydrogel for a portable implicit alarm cipher system. By optimizing the concentration of agar solution and NaCl dopant, the sensor achieves a highest sensitivity of 3.61&#xa0;V/kPa within the pressure range of 0–6&#xa0;kPa and a low-pressure detection limit (33.32&#xa0;mg). Then, a smart breath detector and a keyboard were fabricated by utilizing the proposed sensor, employed to design a portable implicit cipher system, where the keyboard enabled digital input unlocking, and the breath detector triggered implicit alarm. The system offers a hidden alarm function, and, by leveraging neural network algorithms, it achieves a recognition accuracy of 99% on identifying distinct respiratory patterns, and can provide high security in critical scenarios. This innovation leverages the strengths of TENGs to deliver a more secure and versatile smart lock alternative.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Triboelectric Sensor Based on NaCl/agar Hydrogel as Portable Implicit Alarm Cipher System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月28日

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  • Qirui Mou,
  • Wei Ouyang,
  • Bingbing Qu,
  • Hongfu Liu,
  • Yiyuan Xie,
  • Bin Chen

摘要

Abstract

Traditional locks exhibit vulnerabilities in emergency situations, as they lack alarm or response mechanisms and are unable to prevent brute force attacks. Amid the surge in IoT and biometric technology, smart locks are undergoing transformative improvements. Biometric locks, offering enhanced security and convenience, still face challenges such as irreversible data risks and high costs. To address these limitations, we proposed a green, safe triboelectric nanogenerator (AN-TENG) based on NaCl/agar hydrogel for a portable implicit alarm cipher system. By optimizing the concentration of agar solution and NaCl dopant, the sensor achieves a highest sensitivity of 3.61 V/kPa within the pressure range of 0–6 kPa and a low-pressure detection limit (33.32 mg). Then, a smart breath detector and a keyboard were fabricated by utilizing the proposed sensor, employed to design a portable implicit cipher system, where the keyboard enabled digital input unlocking, and the breath detector triggered implicit alarm. The system offers a hidden alarm function, and, by leveraging neural network algorithms, it achieves a recognition accuracy of 99% on identifying distinct respiratory patterns, and can provide high security in critical scenarios. This innovation leverages the strengths of TENGs to deliver a more secure and versatile smart lock alternative.

Graphical Abstract