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<p>Solid-state reaction technology was used to produce the ferroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics of a Ba(Ti<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Sn<sub><i>x</i></sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (BT-<i>x</i>BS) ceramic system with varying Sn concentrations. A pristine tetragonal crystal structure at room temperature was verified by x-ray diffraction analysis. Morphological studies have confirmed a compact microstructure with an average grain size ranging from 6&#xa0;μm to 12&#xa0;μm with decreasing Sn content. The dielectric measurement in relation to temperature, with <i>x</i> = 0.11 and the Curie temperature (<i>T</i><sub>c</sub> = 24°C), yielded the highest dielectric constant, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11664_2025_11806_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varepsilon_{c}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mi>c</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> = 4500.16. When <i>x</i> = 0.07, a low coercive field strength of <i>E</i><sub>c</sub> = 7.84&#xa0;kV/cm produced the maximum value of polarization (<i>P</i><sub>max</sub> = 9.06&#xa0;μC/cm<sup>2</sup>) and the respective remnant polarization (<i>P</i><sub>r</sub> = 5.55&#xa0;μC/cm<sup>2</sup>). Changes in polarization and strain result in a corresponding piezoelectric coefficient of the value <i>d</i><sup><i>*</i></sup><sub>33</sub> = 245.35&#xa0;pm/V.</p>

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Dielectric and Piezoelectric Characteristics of Ba(Ti1−xSnx)O3 (BT-xBS) Electro-Ceramics Doped with Sn for 0.07 ≤ x ≤ 0.11

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月21日

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  • Gambheer Singh Kathait,
  • Surita Maini

摘要

Solid-state reaction technology was used to produce the ferroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics of a Ba(Ti1−xSnx)O3 (BT-xBS) ceramic system with varying Sn concentrations. A pristine tetragonal crystal structure at room temperature was verified by x-ray diffraction analysis. Morphological studies have confirmed a compact microstructure with an average grain size ranging from 6 μm to 12 μm with decreasing Sn content. The dielectric measurement in relation to temperature, with x = 0.11 and the Curie temperature (Tc = 24°C), yielded the highest dielectric constant, \(\varepsilon_{c}\) ε c  = 4500.16. When x = 0.07, a low coercive field strength of Ec = 7.84 kV/cm produced the maximum value of polarization (Pmax = 9.06 μC/cm2) and the respective remnant polarization (Pr = 5.55 μC/cm2). Changes in polarization and strain result in a corresponding piezoelectric coefficient of the value d*33 = 245.35 pm/V.