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<p>In this paper, an optically transparent wideband metamaterial-based absorber using indium tin oxide (ITO) is proposed for stealth applications in the glass windows of ships. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) and the equivalent circuit model (ECM) are initially used to design the structure, leveraging the metal-like and resistive film-like properties of ITO. The proposed compact design consists of two quartz glass layers without any air gap. The lower layer is composed of two ITO films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which are then attached to one quartz glass. The absorber achieves wideband absorption with over 90% absorptivity across the frequency range of 3.86–18.26&#xa0;GHz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 130.2%. The design is polarization-insensitive under normal incidence due to the symmetric structure. Over 85% absorption is obtained with an oblique angle up to 45° under transverse electric (TE) polarization, and over 90% absorption is obtained with an oblique angle up to 60° under transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. Studies of surface current distribution and parameters are carried out to verify theoretical or qualitative and quantitative performance. To evaluate the performance of the stealth window candidate, the radar cross section (RCS) reduction of an array consisting of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11664_2025_11757_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(20\times 20\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>20</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>20</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> unit cells is studied. An RCS reduction of over 8&#xa0;dB is obtained relative to a metallic plate of the same size. The fabricated prototype is tested in an anechoic chamber, where we observe good light transmittance. The measured absorption and the simulation results are in good agreement. The design offers wideband absorption, high light transmittance, and a compact structure, making it an excellent candidate for reducing RCS and mitigating electromagnetic waves in transparent applications.</p>

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Wideband and Wide-Angle Optically Transparent Metamaterial-Based Absorber for Radar Cross Section Reduction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月1日

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  • Manman Mo,
  • Yue Wang,
  • Shufeng Xie,
  • Dongya Huang,
  • Yaoyao Liu,
  • Desheng Wang,
  • Jun Yang,
  • Qi Zheng

摘要

In this paper, an optically transparent wideband metamaterial-based absorber using indium tin oxide (ITO) is proposed for stealth applications in the glass windows of ships. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) and the equivalent circuit model (ECM) are initially used to design the structure, leveraging the metal-like and resistive film-like properties of ITO. The proposed compact design consists of two quartz glass layers without any air gap. The lower layer is composed of two ITO films deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which are then attached to one quartz glass. The absorber achieves wideband absorption with over 90% absorptivity across the frequency range of 3.86–18.26 GHz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth of 130.2%. The design is polarization-insensitive under normal incidence due to the symmetric structure. Over 85% absorption is obtained with an oblique angle up to 45° under transverse electric (TE) polarization, and over 90% absorption is obtained with an oblique angle up to 60° under transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. Studies of surface current distribution and parameters are carried out to verify theoretical or qualitative and quantitative performance. To evaluate the performance of the stealth window candidate, the radar cross section (RCS) reduction of an array consisting of \(20\times 20\) 20 × 20 unit cells is studied. An RCS reduction of over 8 dB is obtained relative to a metallic plate of the same size. The fabricated prototype is tested in an anechoic chamber, where we observe good light transmittance. The measured absorption and the simulation results are in good agreement. The design offers wideband absorption, high light transmittance, and a compact structure, making it an excellent candidate for reducing RCS and mitigating electromagnetic waves in transparent applications.