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<p>In order to assess the potential of polyaniline (PAni)-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (bismuth oxide) composite samples for humidity sensing applications, this work investigates the humidity-dependent impedance fluctuations of the samples across several frequencies. Impedance experiments were carried out at frequencies between 100&#xa0;Hz and 5&#xa0;MHz and relative humidity levels between 10% and 90%. According to the findings, resistance decreases as relative humidity and frequency increase, with PAni and 0, 1, 2, and 5 wt.% Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composite showing the maximum conductivity. Percolation theory, which proposes improved charge transfer efficiency between Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and polymer chains under greater humidity and frequency circumstances, explains this development. Due to the adsorption of water molecules on the composite surface and the mobility of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ions, the impedance decreased almost linearly from the dry to the wet states. Sensitivity research shows that while the composites are more sensitive than pure PAni, stability is maintained at all frequencies and the sensitivity decreases at greater humidity levels. Measurements of the composites’ response and recovery times showed that they performed efficiently and quickly in terms of humidity sensing. These results highlight the excellent conductivity, stability, and responsive behavior of PAni-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> composites, opening up new possibilities for sophisticated humidity sensing applications.</p>

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PAni-Bi2O3 Composites for Improved Humidity Sensing: Impedance Behavior and Performance Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月3日

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  • Divyanshi Srivastava,
  • Rajesh Kumar Shukla

摘要

In order to assess the potential of polyaniline (PAni)-Bi2O3 (bismuth oxide) composite samples for humidity sensing applications, this work investigates the humidity-dependent impedance fluctuations of the samples across several frequencies. Impedance experiments were carried out at frequencies between 100 Hz and 5 MHz and relative humidity levels between 10% and 90%. According to the findings, resistance decreases as relative humidity and frequency increase, with PAni and 0, 1, 2, and 5 wt.% Bi2O3 composite showing the maximum conductivity. Percolation theory, which proposes improved charge transfer efficiency between Bi2O3 and polymer chains under greater humidity and frequency circumstances, explains this development. Due to the adsorption of water molecules on the composite surface and the mobility of Bi2O3 ions, the impedance decreased almost linearly from the dry to the wet states. Sensitivity research shows that while the composites are more sensitive than pure PAni, stability is maintained at all frequencies and the sensitivity decreases at greater humidity levels. Measurements of the composites’ response and recovery times showed that they performed efficiently and quickly in terms of humidity sensing. These results highlight the excellent conductivity, stability, and responsive behavior of PAni-Bi2O3 composites, opening up new possibilities for sophisticated humidity sensing applications.