Novel Double Structural Transition at Room Temperature in a Bi_1−xGd_xFeO₃ System Prepared by the Pechini Method

This study presents synthesis by the Pechini method and characterization of Bi_1−xGd_xFeO₃ powders (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20), providing new insights into the effects of gadolinium substitution on the structural, magnetic, and thermal properties of BiFeO₃. Unlike previous studies, this work identifies a previously unreported double structural transition, from rhombohedral to cubic symmetry at x = 0.10, and from cubic to orthorhombic symmetry for x ≥ 0.15, demonstrating the critical role of Gd concentration. The magnetization measurements at room temperature exhibited enhanced ferromagnetic-like behavior, with potential implications for improving the material’s photocatalytic and multiferroic performance. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry emphasized the material’s thermal stability. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how Gd substitution modifies the properties of BiFeO₃, offering potential for optimizing applications in energy storage, spintronics, and catalysis.