Magnetite MXene-Based Hybrid Platforms for Electrochemical Sensing of Anticancer Drug Idarubicin

MXenes, due to their larger specific surface area, efficient conductivity, and facile surface modifications, are applied in sensors. MXene nanomaterials are ideal candidates to modify electrochemical sensors. Hence, in this work, we prepared magnetite MXene-based nanomaterials (Fe₃O₄-MX) by a hydrothermal method for the sensitive electrochemical determination of idarubicin (IDA), an anthracycline antileukemic drug. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images showed magnetite nanoparticles with a particle size of 22–44 nm on MXene layers in close agreement with our x-ray diffraction (XRD) data (37 nm). The presence of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles on MXene layers increased the efficiency of the electrochemical sensor, resulting in higher electro-catalytic properties. A good linearity in the concentration range of 0.1–4 μM with low limit of detection of 26.43 nM were achieved under the optimal conditions. Moreover, the proposed sensor illustrated good repeatability and reproducibility with high selectivity to detection of IDA. Furthermore, to investigate the validity of the recommended sensor, human plasma and urine were tested with satisfactory recovery and compared with UV-Vis spectroscopy.