Synthesis and Characterization of TiO₂ Nanorods for Efficient Electronic Transport Layer of Perovskite Solar Cells

This study presents the fabrication and characterization of TiO₂ nanorods (NRs) synthesized via the hydrothermal method, employing different precursor concentrations and hydrothermal durations. Comprehensive analyses of surface morphology, crystal structure, and optical properties were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD patterns and transmittance spectra confirmed that the TiO₂ NRs possess a single-phase rutile structure with a band gap of approximately 3.11 eV. Notably, the PL quenching coefficient reached 93%, indicating excellent carrier transport efficiency between halide perovskite materials and TiO₂ NRs. These findings highlight the potential of TiO₂ NRs as efficient electronic transport layers in high-performance optoelectronic devices, such as perovskite solar cells.