Modelling and Optimization of “n–i–p” Structured CdS/MASnI₃/CdTe Solar Cell with SCAPS-1D for Higher Efficiency

In this work, an “n–i–p” structured solar cell, ITO/CdS/MASnI₃/CdTe/Au, has been investigated for its photovoltaic performance. The performance of this structure was compared with the structure without a perovskite layer, i.e. ITO/CdS/CdTe/Au. The comparative analysis, conducted utilizing SCAPS-1D solar cell simulation software, revealed superior performance for the configuration featuring the perovskite layer, with 31.55% efficiency, relative to the configuration without the perovskite layer, with 23.87% efficiency. Motivated by this finding, ITO/CdS/MASnI₃/CdTe/Au was selected for further investigation. A comprehensive study was undertaken, exploring the impact of doping concentration (N_A and N_D), layer thickness, and defect density of the CdS, MASnI₃, and CdTe layers on the overall cell performance. Through meticulous optimization of these parameters, remarkable efficiency of 32.27% was achieved, with V_OC = 1.16 eV, J_SC = 31.07 mA/cm², and FF = 89.20%. These results underscore the potential of the ITO/CdS/MASnI₃/CdTe/Au structure, showcasing how the introduction of a MASnI₃ layer can significantly enhance device performance.