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<p>Direct observation of arcs in industrial ladle furnaces (LFs) is difficult; therefore, accurate estimation of the three-phase effective arc length is important for identifying submerged arc states, optimizing electrode control, and improving arc stability. In this study, the arc length refers to the estimated effective vertical arc length rather than the directly observed physical arc length. A 120 t LF was investigated by synchronously acquiring PLC process data, three-phase electrical signals, draw-wire electrode displacement data, and slag thickness data measured using an electrical conductivity method. By combining the arc ignition position, stable electrode position, and measured slag layer thickness, a method for estimating the stable effective vertical arc length was developed. For an average inbound slag thickness of approximately 128&#xa0;mm, the estimated arc lengths of phases A, B, and C were 88, 98, and 108&#xa0;mm, respectively, corresponding to electrode penetration depths of 40, 30, and 20&#xa0;mm. The results reveal pronounced interphase differences in the degree of arc submergence under the same power-supply tap. During charging, local variations in slag thickness, conductive pathways, and arc-space morphology induce asynchronous electrode compensation, with the phase A electrode, located nearest to the charging port, showing the strongest response.</p>

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Investigation of Three-Phase Electrode Position Behavior and Arc Length Characteristics in a 120 t Ladle Furnace

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Xingxing Wu,
  • Yanbin Yin,
  • Jiongming Zhang

摘要

Direct observation of arcs in industrial ladle furnaces (LFs) is difficult; therefore, accurate estimation of the three-phase effective arc length is important for identifying submerged arc states, optimizing electrode control, and improving arc stability. In this study, the arc length refers to the estimated effective vertical arc length rather than the directly observed physical arc length. A 120 t LF was investigated by synchronously acquiring PLC process data, three-phase electrical signals, draw-wire electrode displacement data, and slag thickness data measured using an electrical conductivity method. By combining the arc ignition position, stable electrode position, and measured slag layer thickness, a method for estimating the stable effective vertical arc length was developed. For an average inbound slag thickness of approximately 128 mm, the estimated arc lengths of phases A, B, and C were 88, 98, and 108 mm, respectively, corresponding to electrode penetration depths of 40, 30, and 20 mm. The results reveal pronounced interphase differences in the degree of arc submergence under the same power-supply tap. During charging, local variations in slag thickness, conductive pathways, and arc-space morphology induce asynchronous electrode compensation, with the phase A electrode, located nearest to the charging port, showing the strongest response.