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<p>As a critical region connecting the upper and lower zones of a blast furnace, the dripping zone governs multi-phase reaction behaviors that directly influence energy efficiency and material consumption. In this study, systematic dissection and sampling were conducted on the dripping zone of a 2200&#xa0;m<sup>3</sup> commercial blast furnace. The physicochemical evolution and coupled reaction mechanisms among the slag, iron, and coke phases were comprehensively investigated using particle size analysis, chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results reveal that the mean particle size of coke in the dripping zone decreases significantly by 34 to 40&#xa0;pct compared to the charged coke. A pronounced radial heterogeneity is observed in the distribution of the three phases: the peripheral region is characterized by a high proportion of fine coke, substantial carbon consumption, and enrichment of ash and alkalis, whereas the central region contains over 60&#xa0;pct coarse coke with relatively higher fixed carbon content. The FeO content in the primary slag is substantially higher than that in the final slag and increases sharply from the periphery toward the center, accompanied by reduced viscosity and enhanced fluidity. In the hot metal, carbon content decreases radially from the periphery to the center, while silicon and sulfur contents increase in the central zone due to intensified coke-metal interfacial reactions. Microstructural and compositional analyses elucidate the multi-phase coupling mechanisms, including FeO reduction and CaS formation at the slag-coke interface, carburization and elemental migration at the coke-metal interface, and desulfurization at the slag-metal interface. Based on these findings, a conceptual model of mass transfer and reaction pathways within the dripping zone is proposed. This study provides direct evidence for understanding the reactive processes in the blast furnace dripping zone and offers significant insights for optimizing furnace operation and advancing low-carbon ironmaking.</p>

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Study on the Slag-Iron-Coke Three-Phase Reaction Mechanism and Mass Transfer Behavior in the Blast Furnace Dripping Zone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Puzhuo Zhao,
  • Jianliang Zhang,
  • Kexin Jiao,
  • Xiaoyue Fan,
  • Guangxiang Feng,
  • Ziyu Guo

摘要

As a critical region connecting the upper and lower zones of a blast furnace, the dripping zone governs multi-phase reaction behaviors that directly influence energy efficiency and material consumption. In this study, systematic dissection and sampling were conducted on the dripping zone of a 2200 m3 commercial blast furnace. The physicochemical evolution and coupled reaction mechanisms among the slag, iron, and coke phases were comprehensively investigated using particle size analysis, chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results reveal that the mean particle size of coke in the dripping zone decreases significantly by 34 to 40 pct compared to the charged coke. A pronounced radial heterogeneity is observed in the distribution of the three phases: the peripheral region is characterized by a high proportion of fine coke, substantial carbon consumption, and enrichment of ash and alkalis, whereas the central region contains over 60 pct coarse coke with relatively higher fixed carbon content. The FeO content in the primary slag is substantially higher than that in the final slag and increases sharply from the periphery toward the center, accompanied by reduced viscosity and enhanced fluidity. In the hot metal, carbon content decreases radially from the periphery to the center, while silicon and sulfur contents increase in the central zone due to intensified coke-metal interfacial reactions. Microstructural and compositional analyses elucidate the multi-phase coupling mechanisms, including FeO reduction and CaS formation at the slag-coke interface, carburization and elemental migration at the coke-metal interface, and desulfurization at the slag-metal interface. Based on these findings, a conceptual model of mass transfer and reaction pathways within the dripping zone is proposed. This study provides direct evidence for understanding the reactive processes in the blast furnace dripping zone and offers significant insights for optimizing furnace operation and advancing low-carbon ironmaking.