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<p>In electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, the arc provides the primary heat source for scrap melting and molten steel refining. To clarify the impact of direct current arc plasma on the molten bath, a 2D axisymmetric multi-field coupling model was developed. The results indicated that a cavity was formed in the molten bath due to the impingement of the arc plasma. The cavity evolution could be divided into three stages: expansion, fluctuations of cavity depth and width, and dynamic equilibrium. When the arc length was fixed, increasing the current intensity reduced the cavity width and increased its depth. When the current intensity was fixed, increasing the arc length decreased the cavity depth and increased its width. A double-circulation flow pattern was observed in the molten bath. The molten bath velocity increased with the higher current intensity and the shorter arc length. Under relatively low current or long arc length conditions, the high-temperature region was mainly concentrated in the upper region of the molten bath. In contrast, a shorter arc length and higher current intensity enabled the plasma jet to penetrate the slag layer and directly contact the molten steel, thereby forming an additional high-temperature region beneath the arc plasma.</p>

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Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flow and Impact Behavior Induced by Arc Plasma During the Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Tongwei Liu,
  • Xinyu Cai,
  • Lifeng Zhang

摘要

In electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking, the arc provides the primary heat source for scrap melting and molten steel refining. To clarify the impact of direct current arc plasma on the molten bath, a 2D axisymmetric multi-field coupling model was developed. The results indicated that a cavity was formed in the molten bath due to the impingement of the arc plasma. The cavity evolution could be divided into three stages: expansion, fluctuations of cavity depth and width, and dynamic equilibrium. When the arc length was fixed, increasing the current intensity reduced the cavity width and increased its depth. When the current intensity was fixed, increasing the arc length decreased the cavity depth and increased its width. A double-circulation flow pattern was observed in the molten bath. The molten bath velocity increased with the higher current intensity and the shorter arc length. Under relatively low current or long arc length conditions, the high-temperature region was mainly concentrated in the upper region of the molten bath. In contrast, a shorter arc length and higher current intensity enabled the plasma jet to penetrate the slag layer and directly contact the molten steel, thereby forming an additional high-temperature region beneath the arc plasma.